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Advances in quantum computing threaten digital communication security by undermining the foundations of current public-key cryptography through Shor's quantum algorithm. This has driven the development of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Callum Turino , William J Buchanan , Owen Lo , Christoph Thuummler

Quantum computing technologies pose a significant threat to the currently employed public-key cryptography protocols. In this paper, we discuss the impact of the quantum threat on public key infrastructures (PKIs), which are used as a part…

The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a critical threat to classical cryptographic algorithms such as RSA and ECC, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT) devices, where secure communication is essential but often constrained by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Jesus Lopez , Viviana Cadena , Mohammad Saidur Rahman

The promise of quantum computing is not speeding up conventional computing rather delivering an exponential advantage for certain classes of problems, with profound implications for cybersecurity for instance. With the advent and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Md Jobair Hossain Faruk , Sharaban Tahora , Masrura Tasnim , Hossain Shahriar , Nazmus Sakib

Quantum computers, that may become available one day, would impact many scientific fields, most notably cryptography since many asymmetric primitives are insecure against an adversary with quantum capabilities. Cryptographers are already…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-08 Marc Kaplan , Gaëtan Leurent , Anthony Leverrier , María Naya-Plasencia

The blockchain technology is believed by many to be a game changer in many application domains, especially financial applications. While the first generation of blockchain technology (i.e., Blockchain 1.0) is almost exclusively used for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Huashan Chen , Marcus Pendleton , Laurent Njilla , Shouhuai Xu

Although blockchain, the supporting technology of various cryptocurrencies, has offered a potentially effective framework for numerous decentralized trust management systems, its performance is still sub-optimal in real-world networks. With…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Canran Wang , Netanel Raviv

The advent of quantum computing threatens the security of traditional encryption algorithms, motivating the development of post-quantum cryptography (PQC). In 2024, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standardized…

Advances in quantum computing make Shor's algorithm for factorising numbers ever more tractable. This threatens the security of any cryptographic system which often relies on the difficulty of factorisation. It also threatens methods based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Jon Barton , William J Buchanan , Nikolaos Pitropakis , Sarwar Sayeed , Will Abramson

Blockchain (BC), the technology behind the Bitcoin crypto-currency system, is considered to be both alluring and critical for ensuring enhanced security and (in some implementations, non-traceable) privacy for diverse applications in many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Mahdi H. Miraz , Maaruf Ali

Quantum computing is changing the way we think about computing. Significant strides in research and development for managing and harnessing the power of quantum systems has been made in recent years, demonstrating the potential for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Suryansh Upadhyay , Mahabubul Alam , Swaroop Ghosh

Ever since its inception, cryptography has been caught in a vicious circle: Cryptographers keep inventing methods to hide information, and cryptanalysts break them, prompting cryptographers to invent even more sophisticated encryption…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Renato Renner , Ramona Wolf

The current blockchain system for cryptocurrency exchanges primarily employs elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) for generating key pairs in wallets, and elliptic curve digital signature algorithms (ECDSA) for generating signatures in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Abel C. H. Chen

With the drive to create a decentralized digital economy, Web 3.0 has become a cornerstone of digital transformation, developed on the basis of computing-force networking, distributed data storage, and blockchain. With the rapid realization…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Minrui Xu , Xiaoxu Ren , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Chao Qiu , Zehui Xiong , Xiaofei Wang , Victor C. M. Leung

The modern society, economy and industry have been changed remarkably by many cutting-edge technologies over the last years, and many more are in development and early implementation that will in turn led even wider spread of adoptions and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Phan The Duy , Do Thi Thu Hien , Van-Hau Pham

Quantum technologies, spanning communication, sensing, computing, and cryptography, are rapidly emerging as critical paths of geopolitical competition and strategic defence innovation. Unlike traditional technological advances, quantum…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-19 Axel Ferrazzini

Since its inception as a solution for secure cryptocurrencies sharing in 2008, the blockchain technology has now become one of the core technologies for secure data sharing and storage over trustless and decentralised peer-to-peer systems.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Noe Elisa , Longzhi Yang , Honglei Li , Fei Chao , Nitin Naik

Traditional cryptographic techniques, including token obfuscation, are increasingly vulnerable to quantum attacks due to advancements in quantum computing. Quantum algorithms such as Shor's and Grover's pose significant threats to classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 S. M. Yousuf Iqbal Tomal , Abdullah Al Shafin

Blockchain is an emerging decentralized data collection, sharing and storage technology, which have provided abundant transparent, secure, tamper-proof, secure and robust ledger services for various real-world use cases. Recent years have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Xiao Li , Weili Wu

Quantum networks rely on both quantum and classical channels for coordinated operation. Current architectures employ entanglement distribution and key exchange over quantum channels but often assume that classical communication is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Xin Jin , Nitish Kumar Chandra , Mohadeseh Azari , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan , Junyu Liu
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