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The Koopman operator allows for handling nonlinear systems through a (globally) linear representation. In general, the operator is infinite-dimensional - necessitating finite approximations - for which there is no overarching framework.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-23 Petar Bevanda , Stefan Sosnowski , Sandra Hirche

Koopman operator theory has emerged as a powerful tool for system identification, particularly for approximating nonlinear time-invariant systems (NTIS). This paper considers a network of agents with limited observation capabilities that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Wenjian Hao , Lili Wang , Ayush Rai , Shaoshuai Mou

Despite impressive dexterous manipulation capabilities enabled by learning-based approaches, we are yet to witness widespread adoption beyond well-resourced laboratories. This is likely due to practical limitations, such as significant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Yunhai Han , Mandy Xie , Ye Zhao , Harish Ravichandar

Soft robots are challenging to model and control as inherent non-linearities (e.g., elasticity and deformation), often requires complex explicit physics-based analytical modeling (e.g., a priori geometric definitions). While machine…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Naoto Komeno , Brendan Michael , Katharina Küchler , Edgar Anarossi , Takamitsu Matsubara

This study presents an innovative approach to Model Predictive Control (MPC) by leveraging the powerful combination of Koopman theory and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). By transforming nonlinear dynamical systems into a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Md Nur-A-Adam Dony

This paper presents a Koopman lifting linearization method that is applicable to nonlinear dynamical systems having both stable and unstable regions. It is known that DMD and other standard data-driven methods face a fundamental difficulty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Jerry Ng , H. Harry Asada

Understanding nonlinear dynamical systems (NLDSs) is challenging in a variety of engineering and scientific fields. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), which is a numerical algorithm for the spectral analysis of Koopman operators, has been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-10 Keisuke Fujii , Yoshinobu Kawahara

Analyzing the long-term behavior of high-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems remains a significant challenge. While the Koopman operator framework provides a powerful global linearization tool, current methods for approximating its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yuanchao Xu , Kaidi Shao , Nikos Logothetis , Zhongwei Shen

This paper describes a method for learning low-dimensional approximations of nonlinear dynamical systems, based on neural-network approximations of the underlying Koopman operator. Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) provides a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-01-17 Samuel E. Otto , Clarence W. Rowley

This paper presents a data-learned linear Koopman embedding of nonlinear networked dynamics and uses it to enable real-time model predictive emergency voltage control in a power network. The approach involves a novel data-driven…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-06 Ramij R. Hossain , Rahmat Adesunkanmi , Ratnesh Kumar

Nonlinear dynamical systems are ubiquitous in science and engineering, yet analysis and prediction of these systems remains a challenge. Koopman operator theory circumvents some of these issues by considering the dynamics in the space of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-02-17 Mason Kamb , Eurika Kaiser , Steven L. Brunton , J. Nathan Kutz

The highly nonlinear dynamics of vehicles present a major challenge for the practical implementation of optimal and Model Predictive Control (MPC) approaches in path planning and following. Koopman operator theory offers a global linear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Mohammad Abtahi , Mahdis Rabbani , Armin Abdolmohammadi , Shima Nazari

The Koopman operator is a mathematical tool that allows for a linear description of non-linear systems, but working in infinite dimensional spaces. Dynamic Mode Decomposition and Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition are amongst the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Francesco Zanini , Alessandro Chiuso

Koopman operators are infinite-dimensional operators that linearize nonlinear dynamical systems, facilitating the study of their spectral properties and enabling the prediction of the time evolution of observable quantities. Recent methods…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Nicolas Boullé , Matthew J. Colbrook

Koopman analysis of a general dynamics system provides a linear Koopman operator and an embedded eigenfunction space, enabling the application of standard techniques from linear analysis. However, in practice, deriving exact operators and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Alexander Estornell , Leonard Jung , Alenna Spiro , Mario Sznaier , Michael Everett

This work focuses on developing a data-driven framework using Koopman operator theory for system identification and linearization of nonlinear systems for control. Our proposed method presents a deep learning framework with recursive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-11 Madhur Tiwari , George Nehma , Bethany Lusch

Koopman operator theory is receiving increased attention due to its promise to linearize nonlinear dynamics. Neural networks that are developed to represent Koopman operators have shown great success thanks to their ability to approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Yuying Liu , Aleksei Sholokhov , Hassan Mansour , Saleh Nabi

This paper presents a distributed Koopman operator learning framework for modeling unknown nonlinear dynamics using sequential observations from multiple agents. Each agent estimates a local Koopman approximation based on lifted data and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Ali Azarbahram , Shenyu Liu , Gian Paolo Incremona

In this paper, we provide an algorithm for online computation of Koopman operator in real-time using streaming data. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in data-driven analysis of dynamical systems, with operator theoretic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-30 Subhrajit Sinha , Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Enoch Yeung

The Koopman operator provides a linear perspective on non-linear dynamics by focusing on the evolution of observables in an invariant subspace. Observables of interest are typically linearly reconstructed from the Koopman eigenfunctions.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Shaowu Pan , Karthik Duraisamy