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Visual captioning benchmarks have become outdated with the emergence of modern multimodal large language models (MLLMs), as the brief ground-truth sentences and traditional metrics fail to assess detailed captions effectively. While recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Zhihang Liu , Chen-Wei Xie , Bin Wen , Feiwu Yu , Jixuan Chen , Pandeng Li , Boqiang Zhang , Nianzu Yang , Yinglu Li , Zuan Gao , Yun Zheng , Hongtao Xie

Earlier research has shown that metaphors influence human's decision making, which raises the question of whether metaphors also influence large language models (LLMs)' reasoning pathways, considering their training data contain a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhibo Hu , Chen Wang , Yanfeng Shu , Hye-young Paik , Liming Zhu

This paper investigates the ability of large language models (LLMs) to solve statistical tasks, as well as their capacity to assess the quality of reasoning. While state-of-the-art LLMs have demonstrated remarkable performance in a range of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Crish Nagarkar , Leonid Bogachev , Serge Sharoff

The New Yorker publishes a weekly captionless cartoon. More than 5,000 readers submit captions for it. The editors select three of them and ask the readers to pick the funniest one. We describe an experiment that compares a dozen automatic…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to socially grounded tasks, such as online community moderation, media content analysis, and social reasoning games. Success in these contexts depends on a model's social reasoning…

Figurative Language (FL) seems ubiquitous in all social-media discussion forums and chats, posing extra challenges to sentiment analysis endeavors. Identification of FL schemas in short texts remains largely an unresolved issue in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Rolandos Alexandros Potamias , Georgios Siolas , Andreas - Georgios Stafylopatis

Humor is a fundamental facet of human cognition and interaction. Yet, despite recent advances in natural language processing, humor detection remains a challenging task that is complicated by the scarcity of datasets that pair humorous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Zachary Horvitz , Jingru Chen , Rahul Aditya , Harshvardhan Srivastava , Robert West , Zhou Yu , Kathleen McKeown

Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance on complex mathematical benchmarks yet sometimes fail on basic math reasoning while generating unnecessarily verbose responses. In this paper, we present LLMThinkBench, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Gaurav Srivastava , Aafiya Hussain , Sriram Srinivasan , Xuan Wang

We present a transformer-based sarcasm detection model that accounts for the context from the entire conversation thread for more robust predictions. Our model uses deep transformer layers to perform multi-head attentions among the target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Xiangjue Dong , Changmao Li , Jinho D. Choi

People naturally vary in their annotations for subjective questions and some of this variation is thought to be due to the person's sociodemographic characteristics. LLMs have also been used to label data, but recent work has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Matthias Orlikowski , Jiaxin Pei , Paul Röttger , Philipp Cimiano , David Jurgens , Dirk Hovy

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, GPT-4, Claude-3, and Llama are being integrated across a variety of industries. Despite this rapid proliferation, experts are calling for caution in the interpretation and adoption of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Ryosuke Sonoda , Ramya Srinivasan

Human-annotated content is often used to train machine learning (ML) models. However, recently, language and multi-modal foundational models have been used to replace and scale-up human annotator's efforts. This study explores the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Nardiena A. Pratama , Shaoyang Fan , Gianluca Demartini

Multimodal sarcasm understanding is a high-order cognitive task. Although large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on many downstream NLP tasks, growing evidence suggests that they struggle with sarcasm understanding.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yazhou Zhang , Chunwang Zou , Bo Wang , Jing Qin , Prayag Tiwari

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), despite their recent success, are hardly comprehensively tested for their cognitive abilities. Inspired by the prevalent use of the Cookie Theft task in human cognitive tests, we propose a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Xiujie Song , Mengyue Wu , Kenny Q. Zhu , Chunhao Zhang , Yanyi Chen

LLMs (Large Language Models) usually interact with users in the form of dialogue and generate responses following their instructions, which naturally require dialogue comprehension abilities. However, dialogue comprehension is a general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Shuaijie She , Shujian Huang , Xingyun Wang , Yanke Zhou , Jiajun Chen

Memes have emerged as a popular form of multimodal online communication, where their interpretation heavily depends on the specific context in which they appear. Current approaches predominantly focus on isolated meme analysis, either for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhengyi Zhao , Shubo Zhang , Yuxi Zhang , Yanxi Zhao , Yifan Zhang , Zezhong Wang , Huimin Wang , Yutian Zhao , Bin Liang , Yefeng Zheng , Binyang Li , Kam-Fai Wong , Xian Wu

Sarcasm Detection has enjoyed great interest from the research community, however the task of predicting sarcasm in a text remains an elusive problem for machines. Past studies mostly make use of twitter datasets collected using hashtag…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Rishabh Misra , Prahal Arora

Stance Detection (SD) has become a critical area of interest due to its applications in various contexts leading to increased research within NLP. Yet the subtlety and complexity of texts sourced from online platforms often containing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Gibson Nkhata Shi Yin Hong , Susan Gauch

Instead of using a single ground truth for language processing tasks, several recent studies have examined how to represent and predict the labels of the set of annotators. However, often little or no information about annotators is known,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Joan Plepi , Béla Neuendorf , Lucie Flek , Charles Welch

Sarcasm detection is important for several NLP tasks such as sentiment identification in product reviews, user feedback, and online forums. It is a challenging task requiring a deep understanding of language, context, and world knowledge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Somnath Basu Roy Chowdhury , Snigdha Chaturvedi