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Continual Learning (CL) requires models to sequentially adapt to new tasks without forgetting old knowledge. Recently, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a representative Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method, has gained increasing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lingfeng He , De Cheng , Huaijie Wang , Xi Yang , Nannan Wang , Xinbo Gao

Recently, we have observed that Large Multi-modal Models (LMMs) are revolutionizing the way machines interact with the world, unlocking new possibilities across various multi-modal applications. To adapt LMMs for downstream tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Donghoon Kim , Gusang Lee , Kyuhong Shim , Byonghyo Shim

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is essential for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs). In practice, LLMs are often required to handle a diverse set of tasks from multiple domains, a scenario naturally addressed by multi-task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jinda Liu , Bo Cheng , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Automated Program Repair (APR) aims to fix bugs by generating patches. And existing work has demonstrated that "pre-training and fine-tuning" paradigm enables Large Language Models (LLMs) improve fixing capabilities on APR. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Guochang Li , Chen Zhi , Jialiang Chen , Junxiao Han , Shuiguang Deng

Existing parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods primarily fall into two categories: addition-based and selective in-situ adaptation. The former, such as LoRA, introduce additional modules to adapt the model to downstream tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Zhi Zhang , Yixian Shen , Congfeng Cao , Ekaterina Shutova

Due to their substantial sizes, large language models (LLMs) are typically deployed within a single-backbone multi-tenant framework. In this setup, a single instance of an LLM backbone must cater to multiple users or tasks through the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Tianfang Xie , Tianjing Li , Wei Zhu , Wei Han , Yi Zhao

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), have significantly reduced the number of trainable parameters needed in fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). The developments of LoRA-style adapters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yuxuan Gu , Wuyang Zhou , Giorgos Iacovides , Danilo Mandic

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has become a key strategy for adapting large language models, with recent advances in sparse tuning reducing overhead by selectively updating key parameters or subsets of data. Existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Kai Yao , Zhenghan Song , Kaixin Wu , Mingjie Zhong , Danzhao Cheng , Zhaorui Tan , Yixin Ji , Penglei Gao

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods have shown promise in adapting large language models, yet existing approaches exhibit counter-intuitive phenomena: integrating router into prompt tuning (PT) increases training efficiency yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Zongqian Li , Yixuan Su , Nigel Collier

Parameter-efficient tuning aims at updating only a small subset of parameters when adapting a pretrained model to downstream tasks. In this work, we introduce PASTA, in which we only modify the special token representations (e.g., [SEP] and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Xiaocong Yang , James Y. Huang , Wenxuan Zhou , Muhao Chen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a prominent paradigm for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs). Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as LoRA, are widely adopted to adapt pretrained MoE LLMs to downstream tasks. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Guanzhi Deng , Bo Li , Ronghao Chen , Xiujin Liu , Zhuo Han , Huacan Wang , Lijie Wen , Linqi Song

It is a common practice in natural language processing to pre-train a single model on a general domain and then fine-tune it for downstream tasks. However, when it comes to Large Language Models, fine-tuning the entire model can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Cristian Meo , Ksenia Sycheva , Anirudh Goyal , Justin Dauwels

This review surveys the rapid evolution of Meta AI's LLaMA (Large Language Model Meta AI) series - from LLaMA 1 through LLaMA 4 and the specialized parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods developed for these models. We first describe…

Adapting models pre-trained on large-scale datasets is a proven way to reach strong performance quickly for down-stream tasks. However, the growth of state-of-the-art mod-els makes traditional full fine-tuning unsuitable and difficult,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Maxime Fontana , Michael Spratling , Miaojing Shi

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a widely adopted strategy for adapting pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, significantly reducing memory and computational costs. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xinyi Wang , Lirong Gao , Haobo Wang , Yiming Zhang , Junbo Zhao

Training large foundation models from scratch for domain-specific applications is almost impossible due to data limits and long-tailed distributions -- taking remote sensing (RS) as an example. Fine-tuning natural image pre-trained models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zichen Tian , Yaoyao Liu , Qianru Sun

Transfer learning paradigm has driven substantial advancements in various vision tasks. However, as state-of-the-art models continue to grow, classical full fine-tuning often becomes computationally impractical, particularly in multi-task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Seungmin Baek , Soyul Lee , Hayeon Jo , Hyesong Choi , Dongbo Min

The Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method, which adjusts or introduces fewer trainable parameters to calibrate pre-trained models on downstream tasks, has become a recent research interest. However, existing PEFT methods within the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Jiacheng Ruan , Jingsheng Gao , Mingye Xie , Suncheng Xiang , Zefang Yu , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu

Despite the success, the process of fine-tuning large-scale PLMs brings prohibitive adaptation costs. In fact, fine-tuning all the parameters of a colossal model and retaining separate instances for different tasks are practically…

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) enables efficient adaptation of pre-trained language models (PLMs) to specific tasks. By tuning only a minimal set of (extra) parameters, PEFT achieves performance that is comparable to standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Lauren Hong , Ting Wang