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Data assimilation techniques are crucial for accurately tracking complex dynamical systems by integrating observational data with numerical forecasts. Recently, score-based data assimilation methods emerged as powerful tools for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-03 Pengpeng Xiao , Phillip Si , Peng Chen

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is widely used for data assimilation in high-dimensional systems, but its performance often deteriorates for strongly nonlinear dynamics due to the structural mismatch between the Kalman update and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Xin T. Tong , Yanyan Wang , Liang Yan

Data assimilation plays a pivotal role in understanding and predicting turbulent systems within geoscience and weather forecasting, where data assimilation is used to address three fundamental challenges, i.e., high-dimensionality,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Siming Liang , Hoang Tran , Feng Bao , Hristo G. Chipilski , Peter Jan van Leeuwen , Guannan Zhang

We propose an ensemble score filter (EnSF) for solving high-dimensional nonlinear filtering problems with superior accuracy. A major drawback of existing filtering methods, e.g., particle filters or ensemble Kalman filters, is the low…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-14 Feng Bao , Zezhong Zhang , Guannan Zhang

Data assimilation combines information from models, measurements, and priors to estimate the state of a dynamical system such as the atmosphere. The Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a family of ensemble-based data assimilation approaches…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2014-12-09 Ahmed Attia , Adrian Sandu

Accurate estimation and forecasting of energy consumption are important for power-system operation, planning, and demand-side management. In practice, however, complete and timely measurements may not always be available, and the observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ruoyu Hu , Dahai Yu , Feng Bao , Guang Wang , Guannan Zhang

The Ensemble Score Filter (EnSF) has emerged as a promising approach to leverage score-based diffusion models for solving high-dimensional and nonlinear data assimilation problems. While initial applications of EnSF to the Lorenz-96 model…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Zezhong Zhang , Feng Bao , Guannan Zhang

The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), as a fundamental data assimilation approach, has been widely used in many fields of the sciences and engineering. When the state variable is of high dimensional accompanied with high resolution…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-18 Shouxia Wang , Hao-Xuan Sun , Song Xi Chen

This paper tackles the intricate task of jointly estimating state and parameters in data assimilation for stochastic dynamical systems that are affected by noise and observed only partially. While the concept of ``optimal filtering'' serves…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Feng Bao , Guannan Zhang , Zezhong Zhang

The intersection between classical data assimilation methods and novel machine learning techniques has attracted significant interest in recent years. Here we explore another promising solution in which diffusion models are used to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Feng Bao , Hristo G. Chipilski , Siming Liang , Guannan Zhang , Jeffrey S. Whitaker

We introduce a score-filter-enhanced data assimilation framework designed to reduce predictive uncertainty in machine learning (ML) models for data-driven dynamical system forecasting. Machine learning serves as an efficient numerical model…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Jingqiao Tang , Ryan Bausback , Feng Bao , Guannan Zhang , Phuoc-Toan Huynh

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a data assimilation technique that uses an ensemble of models, updated with data, to track the time evolution of a usually non-linear system. It does so by using an empirical approximation to the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-12 Elizabeth Hou , Earl Lawrence , Alfred O. Hero

The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) has achieved great successes in data assimilation in atmospheric and oceanic sciences, but its failure in convergence to the right filtering distribution precludes its use for uncertainty quantification. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-13 Peiyi Zhang , Qifan Song , Faming Liang

The Gaussian process state-space models (GPSSMs) represent a versatile class of data-driven nonlinear dynamical system models. However, the presence of numerous latent variables in GPSSM incurs unresolved issues for existing variational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Zhidi Lin , Yiyong Sun , Feng Yin , Alexandre Hoang Thiéry

Several variations of the Kalman filter algorithm, such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), are widely used in science and engineering applications. In this paper, we introduce two algorithms of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-11 Wei Kang , Liang Xu

Data assimilation (DA) is a key component of many forecasting models in science and engineering. DA allows one to estimate better initial conditions using an imperfect dynamical model of the system and noisy/sparse observations available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Ashesh Chattopadhyay , Ebrahim Nabizadeh , Eviatar Bach , Pedram Hassanzadeh

Ensemble Kalman filtering (EnKF) is an efficient approach to addressing uncertainties in subsurface groundwater models. The EnKF sequentially integrates field data into simulation models to obtain a better characterization of the model's…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-11-09 Boujemaa Ait-El-Fquih , Mohamad El Gharamti , Ibrahim Hoteit

This work introduces a new, distributed implementation of the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) that allows for non-sequential assimilation of large datasets in high-dimensional problems. The traditional EnKF algorithm is computationally…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-23 Cédric Travelletti , Jörg Franke , David Ginsbourger , Stefan Brönnimann

Numerical modeling and simulation of two-phase flow in porous media is challenging due to the uncertainties in key parameters, such as permeability. To address these challenges, we propose a computational framework by utilizing the novel…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Ruoyu Hu , Sanjeeb Poudel , Feng Bao , Sanghyun Lee

Data assimilation (DA) estimates a dynamical system's state from noisy observations. Recent generative models like the ensemble score filter (EnSF) improve DA in high-dimensional nonlinear settings but are computationally expensive. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Taos Transue , Bohan Chen , So Takao , Bao Wang
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