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Related papers: Quantum state testing with restricted measurements

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We introduce the problem of *shadow tomography*: given an unknown $D$-dimensional quantum mixed state $\rho$, as well as known two-outcome measurements $E_{1},\ldots,E_{M}$, estimate the probability that $E_{i}$ accepts $\rho$, to within…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-14 Scott Aaronson

The task of state discrimination for a set of mutually orthogonal pure states is trivial if one has access to the corresponding sharp (projection-valued) measurement, but what if we are restricted to an unsharp measurement? Given that any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-03 Tom Bullock , Teiko Heinosaari

We significantly extend recently developed methods to faithfully reconstruct unknown quantum states that are approximately low-rank, using only a few measurement settings. Our new method is general enough to allow for measurements from a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-11 Matthias Ohliger , Vincent Nesme , David Gross , Yi-Kai Liu , Jens Eisert

The resources needed to conventionally characterize a quantum system are overwhelmingly large for high- dimensional systems. This obstacle may be overcome by abandoning traditional cornerstones of quantum measurement, such as general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-17 Gregory A. Howland , Samuel H. Knarr , James Schneeloch , Daniel J. Lum , John C. Howell

Measurement is a fundamental notion in the usual approximate quantum mechanics of measured subsystems. Probabilities are predicted for the outcomes of measurements. State vectors evolve unitarily in between measurements and by reduction of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-01-14 James B. Hartle

We introduce the concept of selective quantum state tomography or SQST, a tomographic scheme that enables a user to estimate arbitrary elements of an unknown quantum state using a fixed measurement record. We demonstrate how this may be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-12 Joshua Morris , Borivoje Dakić

A controlled quantum dense coding scheme is investigated with a four-particle non-maximal quantum channel. The amount of classical information is shown to be capable of being controlled by the controllers through adjustments of the local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Chang-Bao Fu , Yan Xia , Bo-Xue Liu , Shou Zhang , Kyu-Hwang Yeon , Chung-In Um

Quantum state verification (QSV) is the task of relying on local measurements only to verify that a given quantum device does produce the desired target state. Up to now, certain types of entangled states can be verified efficiently or even…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Ye-Chao Liu , Yinfei Li , Jiangwei Shang , Xiangdong Zhang

Quantum state tomography (QST) aims at estimating a quantum state from averaged quantum measurements made on copies of the state. Most quantum algorithms rely on QST at some point and it is a well explored topic in the literature, mostly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 François Verdeil , Yannick Deville

Standard approaches to quantum statistical inference rely on measurements that induce a collapse of the wave function, effectively consuming the quantum state to extract information. In this work, we investigate the fundamental limits of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Cristina Butucea , Jan Johannes , Henning Stein

A fundamental task in quantum information science is to measure nonlinear functionals of quantum states, such as $\mathrm{Tr}(\rho^k O)$. Intuitively, one expects that computing a $k$-th order quantity generally requires $O(k)$ copies of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Yukun Zhang , Yusen Wu , You Zhou , Xiao Yuan

We initiate the systematic study of experimental quantum physics from the perspective of computational complexity. To this end, we define the framework of quantum algorithmic measurements (QUALMs), a hybrid of black box quantum algorithms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-09 Dorit Aharonov , Jordan Cotler , Xiao-Liang Qi

We show that probabilities of results of all possible measurements performing on a quantum system depend on the system's state only through its density matrix. Therefore all experimentally available information about the state contains in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-01 Alexey Nenashev

It is well-known that observing nonlocal correlations allows us to draw conclusions about the quantum systems under consideration. In some cases this yields a characterisation which is essentially complete, a phenomenon known as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-02 Tim Coopmans , Jędrzej Kaniewski , Christian Schaffner

In this paper we investigate repeated weak measurements,without post-selection, on a \emph{single copy} of an \emph{unknown} quantum state. The resulting random walk in state space is precisely characterised in terms of joint probabilities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-30 N. D. Hari Dass

Bell sampling is a simple yet powerful measurement primitive that has recently attracted a lot of attention, and has proven to be a valuable tool in studying stabiliser states. Unfortunately, however, it is known that Bell sampling fails…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-13 Jonathan Allcock , Joao F. Doriguello , Gábor Ivanyos , Miklos Santha

Randomization of quantum states is the quantum analogue of the classical one-time pad. We present an improved, efficient construction of an approximately randomizing map that uses O(d/epsilon^2) Pauli operators to map any d-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-22 Paul A. Dickinson , Ashwin Nayak

In pure-state tomography, the concept of unique determinedness (UD) -- the ability to uniquely determine pure states from measurement results -- is crucial. This study presents a new variational approach to examining UD, offering a robust…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-12 Chao Zhang , Xuanran Zhu , Bei Zeng

Quantum measurements are not deterministic. For this reason quantum measurements are repeated for a number of shots on identically prepared systems. The uncertainty in each measurement depends on the number of shots and the expected outcome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Pieter Thijs Eendebak

A core principle of quantum theory is that non-orthogonal quantum states cannot be perfectly distinguished with single-shot measurements. However, it is possible to exclude a subset of non-orthogonal states without error in certain…