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Anomaly detection is referred to as a process in which the aim is to detect data points that follow a different pattern from the majority of data points. Anomaly detection methods suffer from several well-known challenges that hinder their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Kasra Babaei , Zhi Yuan Chen , Tomas Maul

Anomaly detection has wide applications in machine intelligence but is still a difficult unsolved problem. Major challenges include the rarity of labeled anomalies and it is a class highly imbalanced problem. Traditional unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Zhi Chen , Jiang Duan , Li Kang , Guoping Qiu

Machine learning offers potential solutions to current issues in industrial systems in areas such as quality control and predictive maintenance, but also faces unique barriers in industrial applications. An ongoing challenge is extreme…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Lesley Wheat , Martin v. Mohrenschildt , Saeid Habibi

Machine learning-based medical anomaly detection is an important problem that has been extensively studied. Numerous approaches have been proposed across various medical application domains and we observe several similarities across these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Tharindu Fernando , Harshala Gammulle , Simon Denman , Sridha Sridharan , Clinton Fookes

Universal anomaly detection still remains a challenging problem in machine learning and medical image analysis. It is possible to learn an expected distribution from a single class of normative samples, e.g., through epistemic uncertainty…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Johanna P. Müller , Matthew Baugh , Jeremy Tan , Mischa Dombrowski , Bernhard Kainz

Anomaly detection (AD) is the identification of data samples that do not fit a learned data distribution. As such, AD systems can help physicians to determine the presence, severity, and extension of a pathology. Deep generative models,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-12 Jaime Simarro , Ezequiel de la Rosa , Thijs Vande Vyvere , David Robben , Diana M. Sima

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most widely used diagnostic tool to monitor the condition of the cardiovascular system. Deep neural networks (DNNs), have been developed in many research labs for automatic interpretation of ECG signals to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-02 Linhai Ma , Liang Liang

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of death in the world. Prevention, knowledge of previous cases in the family, and early detection is the best strategy to reduce this fact. Different machine learning approaches to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Jefferson L. P. Lima , David Macêdo , Cleber Zanchettin

Graph anomaly detection is a popular and vital task in various real-world scenarios, which has been studied for several decades. Recently, many studies extending deep learning-based methods have shown preferable performance on graph anomaly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Jing Ren , Mingliang Hou , Zhixuan Liu , Xiaomei Bai

Early recognition of abnormal rhythms in ECG signals is crucial for monitoring and diagnosing patients' cardiac conditions, increasing the success rate of the treatment. Classifying abnormal rhythms into exact categories is very challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Jing Zhang , Jing Tian , Yang Cao , Yuxiang Yang , Xiaobin Xu

In this paper, a novel ECG monitoring approach based on IoT technology is suggested. This paper proposes a routing system for IoT healthcare platforms based on Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Routing by Energy and Link Quality (REL). In…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-05 Ahmad M. Karim

Deep unsupervised anomaly detection in brain magnetic resonance imaging offers a promising route to identify pathological deviations without requiring lesion-specific annotations. Yet, fragmented evaluations, heterogeneous datasets, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Alexander Frotscher , Christian F. Baumgartner , Thomas Wolfers

The role of automatic electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis in clinical practice is limited by the accuracy of existing models. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are models composed of stacked transformations that learn tasks by examples. This…

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia affecting a large number of people around the world. If left undetected, it will develop into chronic disability or even early mortality. However, patients who have this problem can…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-20 Dacheng Chen , Dan Li , Xiuqin Xu , Ruizhi Yang , See-Kiong Ng

ECG heartbeat classification plays a vital role in diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia. The goal of the Physionet/CinC 2021 challenge was to accurately classify clinical diagnosis based on 12, 6, 4, 3 or 2-lead ECG recordings in order to aid…

The primary objective of Continual Anomaly Detection (CAD) is to learn the normal patterns of new tasks under dynamic data distribution assumptions while mitigating catastrophic forgetting. Existing embedding-based CAD approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Gen Yang , Zhipeng Deng , Junfeng Man

Electrocardiogram (ECG) can be reliably used as a measure to monitor the functionality of the cardiovascular system. Recently, there has been a great attention towards accurate categorization of heartbeats. While there are many…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Mohammad Kachuee , Shayan Fazeli , Majid Sarrafzadeh

Atrial fibrillation is a commonly encountered clinical arrhythmia associated with stroke and increased mortality. Since professional medical knowledge is required for annotation, exploiting a large corpus of ECGs to develop accurate…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-25 Xiangqian Zhu , Mengnan Shi , Xuexin Yu , Chang Liu , Xiaocong Lian , Jintao Fei , Jiangying Luo , Xin Jin , Ping Zhang , Xiangyang Ji

Prenatal ultrasound evaluates fetal growth and detects congenital abnormalities during pregnancy, but the examination of ultrasound images by radiologists requires expertise and sophisticated equipment, which would otherwise fail to improve…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-07 Yang Qi , Jiaxin Cai , Jing Lu , Runqing Xiong , Rongshang Chen , Liping Zheng , Duo Ma

Anomaly detection plays a crucial role in various real-world applications, including healthcare and finance systems. Owing to the limited number of anomaly labels in these complex systems, unsupervised anomaly detection methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zongyuan Huang , Baohua Zhang , Guoqiang Hu , Longyuan Li , Yanyan Xu , Yaohui Jin