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Digital simulation of quantum dynamics by evaluating the time evolution of a Hamiltonian is the initially proposed application of quantum computing. The large number of quantum gates required for emulating the complete second quantization…

The Moving Target Traveling Salesman Problem (MT-TSP) seeks a trajectory that intercepts several moving targets, within a particular time window for each target. When generic nonlinear target trajectories or kinematic constraints on the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Anoop Bhat , Geordan Gutow , Bhaskar Vundurthy , Zhongqiang Ren , Sivakumar Rathinam , Howie Choset

The Steiner Traveling Salesman Problem (STSP) is a variant of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) that is particularly suitable when dealing with sparse networks, such as road networks. The standard integer programming formulation of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-03-20 Adam N. Letchford , Saeideh D. Nasiri , Dirk Oliver Theis

The $k$-opt algorithm is one of the simplest and most widely used heuristics for solving the traveling salesman problem. Starting from an arbitrary tour, the $k$-opt algorithm improves the current tour in each iteration by exchanging up to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Sophia Heimann , Hung P. Hoang , Stefan Hougardy

We address the Diverse Traveling Salesman Problem (D-TSP), a bi-criteria optimization challenge that seeks a set of $k$ distinct TSP tours. The objective requires every selected tour to have a length at most $c|T^*|$ (where $|T^*|$ is the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Hao-Tsung Yang , Ssu-Yuan Lo , Kuan-Lun Chen , Ching-Kai Wang

While traditional optimization problems were often studied in isolation, many real-world problems today require interdependence among multiple optimization components. The traveling thief problem (TTP) is a multi-component problem that has…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Helen Yuliana Angmalisang , Frank Neumann

The Traveling-Salesperson-Problem (TSP) is arguably one of the best-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. The two sophisticated heuristic solvers LKH and EAX and respective (restart) variants manage to calculate close-to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Jakob Bossek , Pascal Kerschke , Heike Trautmann

Let $P$ be a set of points in $\mathbb{R}^d$, and let $\alpha \ge 1$ be a real number. We define the distance between two points $p,q\in P$ as $|pq|^{\alpha}$, where $|pq|$ denotes the standard Euclidean distance between $p$ and $q$. We…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2010-02-03 Mark de Berg , Fred van Nijnatten , René Sitters , Gerhard J. Woeginger , Alexander Wolff

The Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (mTSP) extends the Traveling Salesman Problem to m tours that start and end at a common depot and jointly visit all customers exactly once. In the min-max variant, the objective is to minimize the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Guillem Rodríguez-Corominas , Maria J. Blesa , Christian Blum

In this paper, we present a new linear programming (LP) formulation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The proposed model has O(n^8) variables and O(n^7) constraints, where n is the number of cities. Our numerical experimentation…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-10-21 Moustapha Diaby

We present a new approximation algorithm for the (metric) prize-collecting traveling salesperson problem (PCTSP). In PCTSP, opposed to the classical traveling salesperson problem (TSP), one may not include a vertex of the input graph in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Jannis Blauth , Martin Nägele

Existing neural methods for the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) mostly aim at finding a single optimal solution. To discover diverse yet high-quality solutions for Multi-Solution TSP (MSTSP), we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Qi Li , Zhiguang Cao , Yining Ma , Yaoxin Wu , Yue-Jiao Gong

The Traveling Salesperson problem asks for the shortest cyclic tour visiting a set of cities given their pairwise distances and belongs to the NP-hard complexity class, which means that with all known algorithms in the worst case instances…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-10-18 Hendrik Schawe , Alexander K. Hartmann

We propose a quantum heuristic algorithm to solve a traveling salesman problem by generalizing Grover search. Sufficient conditions are derived to greatly enhance the probability of finding the tours with extremal costs, reaching almost to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-08 Jeongho Bang , Seokwon Yoo , James Lim , Junghee Ryu , Changhyoup Lee , Jinhyoung Lee

Mixed-Integer Quadratic Programming (MIQP) has been identified as a suitable approach for finding an optimal solution to the behavior planning problem with low runtimes. Logical constraints and continuous equations are optimized alongside.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Klemens Esterle , Tobias Kessler , Alois Knoll

We study the structure of solutions to linear programming formulations for the traveling salesperson problem (TSP). We perform a detailed analysis of the support of the subtour elimination linear programming relaxation, which leads to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-27 Matthias Mnich , Tobias Mömke

The traveling salesman problem is one of the most studied combinatorial optimization problems, because of the simplicity in its statement and the difficulty in its solution. We characterize the optimal cycle for every convex and increasing…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-05-23 Sergio Caracciolo , Andrea Di Gioacchino , Marco Gherardi , Enrico M. Malatesta

The Travelling Thief Problem (TTP) is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem that attracts many scholars. The TTP interconnects two well-known NP-hard problems: the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) and the 0-1 Knapsack Problem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Lei Yang , Zitong Zhang , Xiaotian Jia , Peipei Kang , Wensheng Zhang , Dongya Wang

End-to-end training of neural network solvers for graph combinatorial optimization problems such as the Travelling Salesperson Problem (TSP) have seen a surge of interest recently, but remain intractable and inefficient beyond graphs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Chaitanya K. Joshi , Quentin Cappart , Louis-Martin Rousseau , Thomas Laurent

In this paper, we propose a method to solve a bi-objective variant of the well-studied Traveling Thief Problem (TTP). The TTP is a multi-component problem that combines two classic combinatorial problems: Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP)…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Jonatas B. C. Chagas , Julian Blank , Markus Wagner , Marcone J. F. Souza , Kalyanmoy Deb