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Image tokenizers map images to sequences of discrete tokens, and are a crucial component of autoregressive transformer-based image generation. The tokens are typically associated with spatial locations in the input image, arranged in raster…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Carlos Esteves , Mohammed Suhail , Ameesh Makadia

The advancement of audio-language (AL) multimodal learning tasks has been significant in recent years. However, researchers face challenges due to the costly and time-consuming collection process of existing audio-language datasets, which…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-22 Xinhao Mei , Chutong Meng , Haohe Liu , Qiuqiang Kong , Tom Ko , Chengqi Zhao , Mark D. Plumbley , Yuexian Zou , Wenwu Wang

Neural audio codecs are widely used for audio compression and can be integrated into token-based language models. Traditional codecs preserve acoustic details well but lack semantic information. Recent hybrid codecs attempt to incorporate…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Kaiyuan Zhang , Mohan Shi , Eray Eren , Natarajan Balaji Shankar , Zilai Wang , Abeer Alwan

Vision transformers have established a precedent of patchifying images into uniformly-sized chunks before processing. We hypothesize that this design choice may limit models in learning comprehensive and compositional representations from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Neha Kalibhat , Priyatham Kattakinda , Sumit Nawathe , Arman Zarei , Nikita Seleznev , Samuel Sharpe , Senthil Kumar , Soheil Feizi

In recent years, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) provides an useful platform for digital information hiding and copyright protection. Many DWT-based algorithms for this aim are proposed. The performance of these algorithms is in term of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-04-04 S. -T. Chen , H. -N. Huang , S. -Y. Tu

The long speech sequence has been troubling language models (LM) based TTS approaches in terms of modeling complexity and efficiency. This work proposes SoCodec, a semantic-ordered multi-stream speech codec, to address this issue. It…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Haohan Guo , Fenglong Xie , Kun Xie , Dongchao Yang , Dake Guo , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Large language models have drastically changed the prospects of AI by introducing technologies for more complex natural language processing. However, current methodologies to train such LLMs require extensive resources including but not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Noel Elias , Homa Esfahanizadeh , Kaan Kale , Sriram Vishwanath , Muriel Medard

Noise robustness remains a critical challenge for deploying neural speech codecs in real-world acoustic scenarios where background noise is often inevitable. A key observation we make is that even slight input noise perturbations can cause…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Rui-Chen Zheng , Yang Ai , Hui-Peng Du , Li-Rong Dai

Voice conversion (VC) is a task that transforms the source speaker's timbre, accent, and tones in audio into another one's while preserving the linguistic content. It is still a challenging work, especially in a one-shot setting.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-09 Da-Yi Wu , Yen-Hao Chen , Hung-Yi Lee

We introduce Wav2Seq, the first self-supervised approach to pre-train both parts of encoder-decoder models for speech data. We induce a pseudo language as a compact discrete representation, and formulate a self-supervised pseudo speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Felix Wu , Kwangyoun Kim , Shinji Watanabe , Kyu Han , Ryan McDonald , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Yoav Artzi

Scaling spoken language modeling requires speech tokens that are both efficient and universal. Recent work has proposed syllables as promising speech tokens at low temporal resolution, but existing models are constrained to English and fail…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Cheol Jun Cho , Nicholas Lee , Alan W Black , Gopala K. Anumanchipalli

Recent advancements in generative models have highlighted the crucial role of image tokenization in the efficient synthesis of high-resolution images. Tokenization, which transforms images into latent representations, reduces computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Qihang Yu , Mark Weber , Xueqing Deng , Xiaohui Shen , Daniel Cremers , Liang-Chieh Chen

Recently, discrete tokens derived from self-supervised learning (SSL) models via k-means clustering have been actively studied as pseudo-text in speech language models and as efficient intermediate representations for various tasks.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Kentaro Onda , Satoru Fukayama , Daisuke Saito , Nobuaki Minematsu

Speech quality estimation has recently undergone a paradigm shift from human-hearing expert designs to machine-learning models. However, current models rely mainly on supervised learning, which is time-consuming and expensive for label…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Szu-Wei Fu , Kuo-Hsuan Hung , Yu Tsao , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Audio self-supervised learning (SSL) aims to learn general-purpose representations from large-scale unlabeled audio data. While recent advances have been driven mainly by generative reconstruction objectives, contrastive approaches remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hanxun Huang , Qizhou Wang , Xingjun Ma , Cihang Xie , Christopher Leckie , Sarah Erfani

How to efficiently utilize the temporal features is crucial, yet challenging, for video restoration. The temporal features usually contain various noisy and uncorrelated information, and they may interfere with the restoration of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Cong Huang , Jiahao Li , Bin Li , Dong Liu , Yan Lu

This paper presents a new neural speech compression method that is practical in the sense that it operates at low bitrate, introduces a low latency, is compatible in computational complexity with current mobile devices, and provides a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-10 Reza Lotfidereshgi , Philippe Gournay

Speech representation and modelling in high-dimensional spaces of acoustic waveforms, or a linear transformation thereof, is investigated with the aim of improving the robustness of automatic speech recognition to additive noise. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-03-31 Matthew Ager , Zoran Cvetkovic , Peter Sollich

Language models (LMs) have recently flourished in natural language processing and computer vision, generating high-fidelity texts or images in various tasks. In contrast, the current speech generative models are still struggling regarding…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Xinfa Zhu , Yuanjun Lv , Yi Lei , Tao Li , Wendi He , Hongbin Zhou , Heng Lu , Lei Xie

In recent years, language models have become increasingly larger and more complex. However, the input representations for these models continue to rely on simple and greedy subword tokenization methods. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 David Samuel , Lilja Øvrelid