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The control of a battery thermal management system (BTMS) is essential for the thermal safety, energy efficiency, and durability of electric vehicles (EVs) in hot weather. To address the battery cooling optimization problem, this paper…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-08 Yue Wu , Zhiwu Huang , Dongjun Li , Heng Li , Jun Peng , Daniel Stroe , Ziyou Song

The present study aims to optimize the structural design of a Z-type flow lithium-ion battery pack with a forced air-cooling system (FACS) known as BTMS (Battery Thermal Management System). The main goal is to minimize Tmax (maximum…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-07-04 Santosh Argade , Ashoke De

Hybrid battery thermal management systems (HBTMS) combining active liquid cooling and passive phase change materials (PCM) cooling have shown a potential for the thermal management of lithium-ion batteries. However, the fill volume of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-03 Zhipeng Lyu , Jinrong Su , Zhe Li , Xiang Li , Hanghang Yan , Lei Chen

Lithium-ion batteries are extensively utilized as the primary power source for electric vehicles due to their high energy density, environmental friendliness and lightweight nature. However, their performance and safety are highly dependent…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-03-14 Masoumeh Karimi Kisomi

This paper addresses optimal battery thermal management (BTM), charging, and eco-driving of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) with the goal of improving its grid-to-meter energy efficiency. Thus, an optimisation problem is formulated, aiming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-04 Ahad Hamednia , Nikolce Murgovski , Jonas Fredriksson , Jimmy Forsman , Mitra Pourabdollah , Viktor Larsson

Battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) are critical for efficient and safe operation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), especially for fast charging/discharging applications that generate significant heating within the cell. Forced…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-02-04 Piyush Mani Tripathi , Amy M. Marconnet

This paper studies optimal thermal management and charging of a battery electric vehicle driving over long distance trips. The focus is on the potential benefits of including a heat pump in the thermal management system for waste heat…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-10 Ahad Hamednia , Victor Hanson , Jiaming Zhao , Nikolce Murgovski , Jimmy Forsman , Mitra Pourabdollah , Viktor Larsson , Jonas Fredriksson

Optimal cooling that minimises thermal gradients and the average temperature is essential for enhanced battery safety and health. This work presents a new modelling approach for battery cells of different shapes by integrating Chebyshev…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-26 Godwin K. Peprah , Yicun Huang , Torsten Wik , Faisal Altaf , Changfu Zou

This letter proposes an enhanced sufficient battery model (ESBM) as well as a binary search algorithm for a sharp inner-approximation of the aggregate flexibility of thermostatically controlled load (TCL) arrays. Compared with the previous…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-02 Guangrui Wang , Zhengshuo Li

Effective thermal management is critical for lithium-ion battery packs' safe and efficient operations, particularly in applications such as drones, where compact designs and varying airflow conditions present unique challenges. This study…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-12 Xuguang Zhang , Hexiang Zhang , Amjad Almansour , Mrityunjay Singh , Hengling Zhu , Michael C. Halbig , Yi Zheng

Conventional battery equivalent circuit models (ECMs) have limited capability to predict performance at high discharge rates, where lithium depleted regions may develop and cause a sudden exponential drop in the cell's terminal voltage.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-16 Alireza Goshtasbi , Ruxiu Zhao , Ruiting Wang , Sangwoo Han , Wenting Ma , Jeremy Neubauer

A persistent challenge with the development of electric vertical take-off and landing vehicles (eVTOL) to meet flight power and energy demands is the mass of the load and thermal management systems for batteries. One possible strategy to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Alexandre T. R. Guibert , Murtaza Bookwala , Ashley Cronk , Y. Shirley Meng , H. Alicia Kim

Accurate state of temperature (SOT) estimation for batteries is crucial for regulating their temperature within a desired range to ensure safe operation and optimal performance. The existing measurement-based methods often generate noisy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-18 Myisha A. Chowdhury , Qiugang Lu

Improvements in rechargeable batteries are enabling several electric urban air mobility (UAM) aircraft designs with up to 300 miles of range with payload equivalents of up to 7 passengers. We find that novel UAM aircraft consume between 130…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-11 Shashank Sripad , Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan

This paper presents the design, implementation, and validation of a smart, low-cost Energy Management System (EMS) and Demand Charge Management (DCM) prototype, developed as part of an undergraduate senior design project. The system serves…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Christian Escarrega , Wyatt Lopez Coggins , Sammy Hamed , Mohammadreza Iranpour , Mohammad Rasoul Narimani

As demand for computing resources continues to rise, the increasing cost of electricity and anticipated regulations on carbon emissions are prompting changes in data center power systems. Many providers are now operating compute nodes in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Paul Kilian , Philipp Wiesner , Odej Kao

Equivalent Circuit Model(ECM)has been widelyused in battery modeling and state estimation because of itssimplicity, stability and interpretability.However, ECM maygenerate large estimation errors in extreme working conditionssuch as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-31 Zelin Guo , Yiyan Li , Zheng Yan , Mo-Yuen Chow

Environmentally-powered computer systems operate on renewable energy harvested from their environment, such as solar or wind, and stored in batteries. While harvesting environmental energy has long been necessary for small-scale embedded…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Noman Bashir , Yasra Chandio , David Irwin , Fatima M. Anwar , Jeremy Gummeson , Prashant Shenoy

This research presents a multi-layer optimization framework for hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) for passenger electric vehicles to increase the battery system's performance by combining multiple cell chemistries. Specifically, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-30 Wouter Andriesse , Jorn van Kampen , Theo Hofman

An application for high-performance computing (HPC) is shown that is relevant in the field of battery development. Simulations of electrolyte wetting and flow are conducted using pore network models (PNM) and the lattice Boltzmann method…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Benjamin Kellers , Martin P. Lautenschlaeger , Julius Weinmiller , Lukas Krumbein , Simon Hein , Timo Danner , Arnulf Latz
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