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Today, third-party JavaScript resources are indispensable part of the web platform. More than 88% of world's top websites include at least one JavaScript resource from a remote host. However, there is a great security risk behind using a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Kousha Nakhaei , Ebrahim Ansari , Fateme Ansari

Understanding code represents a core ability needed for automating software development tasks. While foundation models like LLMs show impressive results across many software engineering challenges, the extent of their true semantic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Serge Lionel Nikiema , Jordan Samhi , Abdoul Kader Kaboré , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

Code optimization is a challenging task requiring a substantial level of expertise from developers. Nonetheless, this level of human capacity is not sufficient considering the rapid evolution of new hardware architectures and software…

The security of modern JavaScript (JS) engines is critical since they provide the primary defense mechanism for executing untrusted code on the web. The recent integration of WebAssembly (Wasm) has transformed these engines into complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Lingming Zhang , Binbin Zhao , Puzhuo Liu , Qinge Xie , Peng Di , Jianhai Chen , Shouling Ji

Context: Schools, training platforms, and technology firms increasingly need to assess programming proficiency at scale with transparent, reproducible methods that support personalized learning pathways. Objective: This study introduces a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ricardo Hidalgo-Aragón , Jesús M. González-Barahona , Gregorio Robles

In software engineering, it is not enough to simply write code that only works as intended, even if it is free from vulnerabilities and bugs. Every programming language has a style guide and a set of best practices defined by its community,…

Duplicated code has a negative impact on the quality of software systems and should be detected at least. In this paper, we discuss an approach that improves source code retrieval using the structural information about the programs. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-08-19 Yoshihisa Udagawa

Software developers often rely on natural language text that appears in software engineering artifacts to access critical information as they build and work on software systems. For example, developers access requirements documents to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Arthur Marques , Giovanni Viviani , Gail C. Murphy

Browser fingerprinting enables persistent cross-site user tracking via subtle techniques that often evade conventional defenses or cause website breakage when script-level blocking countermeasures are applied. Addressing these challenges…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Pouneh Nikkhah Bahrami , Dylan Cutler , Igor Bilogrevic

Contemporary software projects often utilize a README.md to share crucial information such as installation and usage examples related to their software. Furthermore, these files serve as an important source of updated and useful…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-02-28 Shohei Ikeda , Akinori Ihara , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Kenichi Matsumoto

In software engineering-related tasks (such as programming language tag prediction based on code snippets from Stack Overflow), the programming language classification for code snippets is a common task. In this study, we propose a novel…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Guang Yang , Yanlin Zhou , Chi Yu , Xiang Chen

This work addresses JavaScript malware detection to enhance client-side web application security with a behavior-based system. The ability to detect malicious JavaScript execution sequences is a critical problem in modern web security as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Pedro Pereira , José Gonçalves , João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Code obfuscation is widely adopted in modern software development to protect intellectual property and hinder reverse engineering, but it also provides attackers with a powerful means to conceal malicious logic inside otherwise legitimate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Francesco Pagano , Lorenzo Pisu , Leonardo Regano , Davide Maiorca , Alessio Merlo , Giorgio Giacinto

The amount of JavaScript embedded in Web pages has substantially grown in the past decade, leading to large and complex pages that are computationally intensive for mobile devices. In this paper, we propose JSAnalyzer, an easy-to-use tool…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Moumena Chaqfeh , Jacinta Hu , Waleed Hashmi , Russell Coke , Lakshmi Subramanian , Yasir Zaki

Web developers routinely rely on third-party Java-Script libraries such as jQuery to enhance the functionality of their sites. However, if not properly maintained, such dependencies can create attack vectors allowing a site to be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Tobias Lauinger , Abdelberi Chaabane , Sajjad Arshad , William Robertson , Christo Wilson , Engin Kirda

Comparison of programming languages is a common topic of discussion among software engineers. Few languages ever become sufficiently popular that they are used by more than a few people or find their niche in research or education; but…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2010-08-23 Sultan S. Al-Qahtani , Pawel Pietrzynski , Luis F. Guzman , Rafik Arif , Adrien Tevoedjre

Software development increasingly depends on libraries and frameworks to increase productivity and reduce time-to-market. Despite this fact, we still lack techniques to assess developers expertise in widely popular libraries and frameworks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Joao Eduardo Montandon , Luciana Lourdes Silva , Marco Tulio Valente

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have showcased impressive code generation capabilities, primarily evaluated through language-to-code benchmarks. However, these benchmarks may not fully capture a model's code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Yuwei Zhao , Ziyang Luo , Yuchen Tian , Hongzhan Lin , Weixiang Yan , Annan Li , Jing Ma

The use of programming languages such as Java and C in Open Source Software (OSS) has been well studied. However, many other popular languages such as XSL or XML have received minor attention. In this paper, we discuss some trends in OSS…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2011-02-14 Siim Karus , Harald Gall

Programming language detection is a common need in the analysis of large source code bases. It is supported by a number of existing tools that rely on several features, and most notably file extensions, to determine file types. We consider…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Francesca Del Bonifro , Maurizio Gabbrielli , Stefano Zacchiroli