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Labor plays a major, albeit largely unrecognized role in the development of artificial intelligence. Machine learning algorithms are predicated on data-intensive processes that rely on humans to execute repetitive and difficult-to-automate,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Antonio A. Casilli , Paola Tubaro , Maxime Cornet , Clément Le Ludec , Juana Torres-Cierpe , Matheus Viana Braz

It is widely assumed that increases in economic productivity necessarily lead to economic growth. In this paper, it is shown that this is not always the case. An idealized model of an economy is presented in which a new technology allows…

General Economics · Economics 2024-11-26 Casey O. Barkan

The rapid diffusion of generative artificial intelligence is transforming terminology work. While this technology promises gains in efficiency, its unstructured adoption risks weakening professional autonomy, amplifying bias, and eroding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Antonio San Martin

The claims that big data holds the key to enterprise successes and that Artificial Intelligence is going to replace humanity have become increasingly more popular over the past few years, both in academia and in the industry. However, while…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-25 Ciro Greco , Andrea Polonioli , Jacopo Tagliabue

Despite extensive investment in artificial intelligence, 95% of enterprises report no measurable profit impact from AI deployments (MIT, 2025). In this theoretical paper, we argue that this gap reflects paradigmatic lock-in that channels AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Diana A. Wolfe , Alice Choe , Fergus Kidd

As artificial intelligence (AI) tools become increasingly embedded in software development workflows, questions persist about their true impact on developer productivity and experience. This paper presents findings from a mixed-methods…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Brian Houck , Travis Lowdermilk , Cody Beyer , Steven Clarke , Ben Hanrahan

We propose that AI automation is a continuum between: (i) crashing waves where AI capabilities surge abruptly over small sets of tasks, and (ii) rising tides where the increase in AI capabilities is more continuous and broad-based. We test…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Matthias Mertens , Adam Kuzee , Brittany S. Harris , Harry Lyu , Wensu Li , Jonathan Rosenfeld , Meiri Anto , Martin Fleming , Neil Thompson

A moderately detailed consideration of interactive LLMs as cognitive systems is given, focusing on LLMs circa mid-2023 such as ChatGPT, GPT-4, Bard, Llama, etc.. Cognitive strengths of these systems are reviewed, and then careful attention…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Ben Goertzel

The pursuit of artificial general intelligence necessitates robust methods for evaluating the cognitive capabilities of models beyond narrow task performance. Here, we introduce a psychometric framework to assess the cognitive profiles of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Isaac Galatzer-Levy , Daniel McDuff , Xin Liu , Jed McGiffin

Large Language Models based on transformer algorithms have revolutionized Artificial Intelligence by enabling verbal interaction with machines akin to human conversation. These AI agents have surpassed the Turing Test, achieving confusion…

This article discusses some trends and concepts in developing new generation of future Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) systems which relate to complex facets and different types of human intelligence, especially social, emotional,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Andrzej Cichocki , Alexander P. Kuleshov

Since its emergence around 2010, deep learning has rapidly become the most important technique in Artificial Intelligence (AI), producing an array of scientific firsts in areas as diverse as protein folding, drug discovery, integrated chip…

General Economics · Economics 2023-01-03 Tamay Besiroglu , Nicholas Emery-Xu , Neil Thompson

Collaboration with artificial intelligence (AI) has improved human decision-making across various domains by leveraging the complementary capabilities of humans and AI. Yet, humans systematically overrely on AI advice, even when their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Joshua Holstein , Patrick Hemmer , Gerhard Satzger , Wei Sun

We use an online experiment with a real work task to study whether workers change their behavior when they know AI will be used to judge their work instead of humans. We find that individuals produce a higher quantity of output when they…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-03 David Almog , Lucas Lippman , Daniel Martin

The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is going through a period of great expectations, introducing a certain level of anxiety in research, business and also policy. This anxiety is further energised by an AI race narrative that makes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-09 The Anh Han , Luis Moniz Pereira , Tom Lenaerts , Francisco C. Santos

In this paper, we examine the wide-ranging impact of artificial intelligence on society, focusing on its potential to both help and harm global equity, cognitive abilities, and economic stability. We argue that while artificial intelligence…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-03-25 Guy Paić , Leonid Serkin

Artificial intelligence (AI) provides considerable opportunities to assist human work. However, one crucial challenge of human-AI collaboration is that many AI algorithms operate in a black-box manner where the way how the AI makes…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Julian Senoner , Simon Schallmoser , Bernhard Kratzwald , Stefan Feuerriegel , Torbjørn Netland

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) exhibits the capability to generate creative content akin to human output with greater efficiency and reduced costs. This groundbreaking capability, however, has ignited a debate regarding its…

General Economics · Economics 2024-10-11 Kaichen Zhang , Zixuan Yuan , Hui Xiong

Today, the economy is greatly influenced by Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of the quantitative relations of AGI on the country's economic parameters. The authors use the analysis…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-05 Davit Gondauri

As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to reshape the workforce, its current trajectory raises pressing questions about its ultimate purpose. Why does job automation dominate the agenda, even at the expense of human agency and equity?…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Marios Constantinides , Daniele Quercia