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This study presents a control framework leveraging vision language models (VLMs) for multiple tasks and robots. Notably, existing control methods using VLMs have achieved high performance in various tasks and robots in the training…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Kazuki Shibata , Hideki Deguchi , Shun Taguchi

Pre-trained vision-language-action (VLA) models offer a promising foundation for generalist robot policies, but often produce brittle behaviors or unsafe failures when deployed zero-shot in out-of-distribution scenarios. We present…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Cyrus Neary , Omar G. Younis , Artur Kuramshin , Ozgur Aslan , Glen Berseth

Robotic manipulation requires sophisticated commonsense reasoning, a capability naturally possessed by large-scale Vision-Language Models (VLMs). While VLMs show promise as zero-shot planners, their lack of grounded physical understanding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Emily Yue-Ting Jia , Weiduo Yuan , Tianheng Shi , Vitor Guizilini , Jiageng Mao , Yue Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable planning abilities across various domains, including robotics manipulation and navigation. While recent efforts in robotics have leveraged LLMs both for high-level and low-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Harsh Singh , Rocktim Jyoti Das , Mingfei Han , Preslav Nakov , Ivan Laptev

Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been exploited in various Computer Vision tasks (e.g., few-shot recognition) via model adaptation, such as prompt tuning and adapters. However, existing adaptation methods are designed by human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kun Ding , Ying Wang , Shiming Xiang

Large language models (LLMs) have significant potential to improve operational efficiency in operations management. Deploying these models requires specifying a policy that governs response quality, shapes user experience, and influences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Mingjie Hu , Siyang Gao , Jian-qiang Hu , Enlu Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications that require careful balancing of multiple, often conflicting, objectives, such as informativeness versus conciseness, or helpfulness versus creativity.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Qiang He , Setareh Maghsudi

Target-driven visual navigation is a challenging problem that requires a robot to find the goal using only visual inputs. Many researchers have demonstrated promising results using deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) on various robotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Qian Luo , Maks Sorokin , Sehoon Ha

Reinforcement learning methods can achieve significant performance but require a large amount of training data collected on the same robotic platform. A policy trained with expensive data is rendered useless after making even a minor change…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Ali Ghadirzadeh , Xi Chen , Petra Poklukar , Chelsea Finn , Mårten Björkman , Danica Kragic

Instruction-fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) under 14B parameters continue to underperform on natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, often trailing smaller models like BERT-base on benchmarks such as GLUE and SuperGLUE.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Bokai Hu , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Xin Pan , Pengtao Xie

In this paper, we aim to align large language models with the ever-changing, complex, and diverse human values (e.g., social norms) across time and locations. This presents a challenge to existing alignment techniques, such as supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Chunpu Xu , Steffi Chern , Ethan Chern , Ge Zhang , Zekun Wang , Ruibo Liu , Jing Li , Jie Fu , Pengfei Liu

Recent progress in state-only imitation learning extends the scope of applicability of imitation learning to real-world settings by relieving the need for observing expert actions. However, existing solutions only learn to extract a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Minghuan Liu , Zhengbang Zhu , Yuzheng Zhuang , Weinan Zhang , Jianye Hao , Yong Yu , Jun Wang

Moving away from repetitive tasks, robots nowadays demand versatile skills that adapt to different situations. Task-parameterized learning improves the generalization of motion policies by encoding relevant contextual information in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Jihong Zhu , Michael Gienger , Jens Kober

Vision-Language Action (VLAs) models promise to extend the remarkable success of vision-language models (VLMs) to robotics. Yet, unlike VLMs in the vision-language domain, VLAs for robotics require finetuning to contend with varying…

Vision-based policies for robot manipulation have achieved significant recent success, but are still brittle to distribution shifts such as camera viewpoint variations. Robot demonstration data is scarce and often lacks appropriate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jeremiah Coholich , Justin Wit , Robert Azarcon , Zsolt Kira

Reinforcement learning (RL) is widely used for humanoid control, with on-policy methods such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) enabling robust training via large-scale parallel simulation and, in some cases, zero-shot deployment to real…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Weidong Huang , Zhehan Li , Hangxin Liu , Biao Hou , Yao Su , Jingwen Zhang

A long-standing goal in robotics is to build robots that can perform a wide range of daily tasks from perceptions obtained with their onboard sensors and specified only via natural language. While recently substantial advances have been…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Oier Mees , Lukas Hermann , Wolfram Burgard

This paper introduces a novel causal framework for multi-stage decision-making in natural language action spaces where outcomes are only observed after a sequence of actions. While recent approaches like Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Bohan Zhang , Yixin Wang , Paramveer S. Dhillon

The application of vision-language models (VLMs) has achieved impressive success in various robotics tasks. However, there are few explorations for these foundation models used in quadruped robot navigation through terrains in 3D…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shaoting Zhu , Derun Li , Linzhan Mou , Yong Liu , Ningyi Xu , Hang Zhao

Aligning large language models (LLMs) on domain-specific data remains a fundamental challenge. Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) offers a straightforward way to inject domain knowledge but often degrades the model's generality. In contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Linxuan Xia , Xiaolong Yang , Yongyuan Chen , Enyue Zhao , Deng Cai , Yasheng Wang , Boxi Wu