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The evolution of prompt learning methodologies has driven exploration of deeper prompt designs to enhance model performance. However, current deep text prompting approaches suffer from two critical limitations: Over-reliance on constrastive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Qiqi Zhan , Shiwei Li , Qingjie Liu , Yunhong Wang

We propose to improve in-context learning (ICL) by optimizing the continuous embeddings of a fixed few-shot prompt at test time. The key observation is that the log-probabilities a model assigns to its demonstrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Baturay Saglam , Dionysis Kalogerias

Customized text-to-image generation, which synthesizes images based on user-specified concepts, has made significant progress in handling individual concepts. However, when extended to multiple concepts, existing methods often struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jiaxiu Jiang , Yabo Zhang , Kailai Feng , Xiaohe Wu , Wenbo Li , Renjing Pei , Fan Li , Wangmeng Zuo

Text-to-image person re-identification (TIReID) aims to retrieve the target person from an image gallery via a textual description query. Recently, pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP have attracted significant attention and have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Weihao Li , Lei Tan , Pingyang Dai , Yan Zhang

Deep learning-based language models have achieved state-of-the-art results in a number of applications including sentiment analysis, topic labelling, intent classification and others. Obtaining text representations or embeddings using these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Richard Plant , Dimitra Gkatzia , Valerio Giuffrida

We propose a novel prompt tuning method called CoAPT(Context Attribute words in Prompt Tuning) for few/zero-shot image classification. The core motivation is that attributes are descriptive words with rich information about a given concept.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Gun Lee , Subin An , Sungyong Baik , Soochahn Lee

Recent years have witnessed increasing interests in prompt-based learning in which models can be trained on only a few annotated instances, making them suitable in low-resource settings. When using prompt-based learning for text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Hongjing Li , Hanqi Yan , Yanran Li , Li Qian , Yulan He , Lin Gui

The goal of image composition is merging a foreground object into a background image to obtain a realistic composite image. Recently, generative composition methods are built on large pretrained diffusion models, due to their unprecedented…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Lingxiao Lu , Jiangtong Li , Bo Zhang , Li Niu

With the rise of powerful pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP, it becomes essential to investigate ways to adapt these models to downstream datasets. A recently proposed method named Context Optimization (CoOp) introduces the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Kaiyang Zhou , Jingkang Yang , Chen Change Loy , Ziwei Liu

User experience of mobile apps is an essential ingredient that can influence the audience volumes and app revenue. To ensure good user experience and assist app development, several prior studies resort to analysis of app reviews, a type of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Cuiyun Gao , Wenjie Zhou , Xin Xia , David Lo , Qi Xie , Michael R. Lyu

Effectively adapting powerful pretrained foundation models to diverse tasks remains a key challenge in AI deployment. Current approaches primarily follow two paradigms:discrete optimization of text prompts through prompt engineering, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Xiaoming Hou , Jiquan Zhang , Zibin Lin , DaCheng Tao , Shengli Zhang

The world is inherently dynamic, and continual learning aims to enable models to adapt to ever-evolving data streams. While pre-trained models have shown powerful performance in continual learning, they still require finetuning to adapt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Haihua Luo , Xuming Ran , Tommi Kärkkäinen , Huiyan Xue , Zhonghua Chen , Qi Xu , Fengyu Cong

Current VLM-based VQA methods often process entire images, leading to excessive visual tokens that include redundant information irrelevant to the posed question. This abundance of unnecessary image details creates numerous visual tokens,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jiawei Guo , Feifei Zhai , Pu Jian , Qianrun Wei , Yu Zhou

Despite recent advances, vision-language models trained with standard contrastive objectives still struggle with compositional reasoning -- the ability to understand structured relationships between visual and linguistic elements. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jihoon Kwon , Kyle Min , Jy-yong Sohn

We study the visual semantic embedding problem for image-text matching. Most existing work utilizes a tailored cross-attention mechanism to perform local alignment across the two image and text modalities. This is computationally expensive,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Khoi Pham , Chuong Huynh , Ser-Nam Lim , Abhinav Shrivastava

Text-to-image generation systems have emerged as revolutionary tools in the realm of artistic creation, offering unprecedented ease in transforming textual prompts into visual art. However, the efficacy of these systems is intricately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Jingtao Zhan , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu , Jia Chen , Shaoping Ma

Recent progress in scaling up large language models has shown impressive capabilities in performing few-shot learning across a wide range of text-based tasks. However, a key limitation is that these language models fundamentally lack visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Hao Liu , Wilson Yan , Pieter Abbeel

Despite the remarkable progress of image captioning, existing captioners typically lack the controllable capability to generate desired image captions, e.g., describing the image in a rough or detailed manner, in a factual or emotional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Ning Wang , Jiahao Xie , Jihao Wu , Mingbo Jia , Linlin Li

Text-to-image generation has become increasingly popular, but achieving the desired images often requires extensive prompt engineering. In this paper, we explore how to decode textual prompts from reference images, a process we refer to as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Zhiyao Ren , Yibing Zhan , Baosheng Yu , Dacheng Tao

Text-to-image generation models~(e.g., Stable Diffusion) have achieved significant advancements, enabling the creation of high-quality and realistic images based on textual descriptions. Prompt inversion, the task of identifying the textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Mingzhe Li , Kejing Xia , Gehao Zhang , Zhenting Wang , Guanhong Tao , Siqi Pan , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma