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The SAFE Challenge evaluates synthetic speech detection across three tasks: unmodified audio, processed audio with compression artifacts, and laundered audio designed to evade detection. We systematically explore self-supervised learning…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-08 Hashim Ali , Surya Subramani , Lekha Bollinani , Nithin Sai Adupa , Sali El-Loh , Hafiz Malik

We present our analysis of a significant data artifact in the official 2019/2021 ASVspoof Challenge Dataset. We identify an uneven distribution of silence duration in the training and test splits, which tends to correlate with the target…

End-to-end approaches to anti-spoofing, especially those which operate directly upon the raw signal, are starting to be competitive with their more traditional counterparts. Until recently, all such approaches consider only the learning of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-07 Wanying Ge , Jose Patino , Massimiliano Todisco , Nicholas Evans

Deep learning has enabled highly realistic synthetic speech, raising concerns about fraud, impersonation, and disinformation. Despite rapid progress in neural detectors, transparent baselines are needed to reveal which acoustic cues…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Faheem Ahmad , Ajan Ahmed , Masudul Imtiaz

Audio deepfake detection (ADD) is crucial to combat the misuse of speech synthesized from generative AI models. Existing ADD models suffer from generalization issues, with a large performance discrepancy between in-domain and out-of-domain…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Yi Zhu , Surya Koppisetti , Trang Tran , Gaurav Bharaj

Deepfakes are synthetically generated media often devised with malicious intent. They have become increasingly more convincing with large training datasets advanced neural networks. These fakes are readily being misused for slander,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Nicolas M. Müller , Franziska Dieckmann , Jennifer Williams

Recent developments in large speech foundation models like Whisper have led to their widespread use in many automatic speech recognition (ASR) applications. These systems incorporate `special tokens' in their vocabulary, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Vyas Raina , Rao Ma , Charles McGhee , Kate Knill , Mark Gales

Generalizability, the capacity of a robust model to perform effectively on unseen data, is crucial for audio deepfake detection due to the rapid evolution of text-to-speech (TTS) and voice conversion (VC) technologies. A promising approach…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Botao Zhao , Zuheng Kang , Yayun He , Xiaoyang Qu , Junqing Peng , Jing Xiao , Jianzong Wang

Spoofing attacks posed by generating artificial speech can severely degrade the performance of a speaker verification system. Recently, many anti-spoofing countermeasures have been proposed for detecting varying types of attacks from…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-08 Yuanjun Zhao , Roberto Togneri , Victor Sreeram

Audio DeepFakes are utterances generated with the use of deep neural networks. They are highly misleading and pose a threat due to use in fake news, impersonation, or extortion. In this work, we focus on increasing accessibility to the…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Piotr Kawa , Marcin Plata , Piotr Syga

In this paper, Whisper, a large-scale pre-trained model for automatic speech recognition, is proposed to apply to speaker verification. A partial multi-scale feature aggregation (PMFA) approach is proposed based on a subset of Whisper…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Yiyang Zhao , Shuai Wang , Guangzhi Sun , Zehua Chen , Chao Zhang , Mingxing Xu , Thomas Fang Zheng

With the continuous development of deep learning-based speech conversion and speech synthesis technologies, the cybersecurity problem posed by fake audio has become increasingly serious. Previously proposed models for defending against fake…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Chi Ding , Junxiao Xue , Cong Wang , Hao Zhou

Despite significant advances in facial recognition systems, they remain vulnerable to face presentation attacks. Among them, disguise makeup attacks are particularly challenging, as they use advanced cosmetics, prosthetic components, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Fateme Taraghi , Atefe Aghaei , Mohsen Ebrahimi Moghaddam

The Automatic Speaker Verification systems have potential in biometrics applications for logical control access and authentication. A lot of things happen to be at stake if the ASV system is compromised. The preliminary work presents a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-28 Rohit Arora

The speech representations learned from large-scale unlabeled data have shown better generalizability than those from supervised learning and thus attract a lot of interest to be applied for various downstream tasks. In this paper, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Zhengyang Chen , Sanyuan Chen , Yu Wu , Yao Qian , Chengyi Wang , Shujie Liu , Yanmin Qian , Michael Zeng

Neural network-based speaker recognition has achieved significant improvement in recent years. A robust speaker representation learns meaningful knowledge from both hard and easy samples in the training set to achieve good performance.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-31 Ruijie Tao , Kong Aik Lee , Zhan Shi , Haizhou Li

While deepfake speech detectors built on large self-supervised learning (SSL) models achieve high accuracy, employing standard ensemble fusion to further enhance robustness often results in oversized systems with diminishing returns. To…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Vojtěch Staněk , Martin Perešíni , Lukáš Sekanina , Anton Firc , Kamil Malinka

We address speaker-aware anti-spoofing, where prior knowledge of the target speaker is incorporated into a voice spoofing countermeasure (CM). In contrast to the frequently used speaker-independent solutions, we train the CM in a…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Xuechen Liu , Md Sahidullah , Kong Aik Lee , Tomi Kinnunen

In real-world applications, it is challenging to build a speaker verification system that is simultaneously robust against common threats, including spoofing attacks, channel mismatch, and domain mismatch. Traditional automatic speaker…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-11 Chang Zeng , Xiaoxiao Miao , Xin Wang , Erica Cooper , Junichi Yamagishi

Self-supervised learning (SSL) speech representation models, trained on large speech corpora, have demonstrated effectiveness in extracting hierarchical speech embeddings through multiple transformer layers. However, the behavior of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zihan Pan , Tianchi Liu , Hardik B. Sailor , Qiongqiong Wang