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While Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are fundamental to many generative modelling applications, they suffer from numerous issues. In this work, we propose a principled framework to simultaneously mitigate two fundamental issues in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Kwot Sin Lee , Ngoc-Trung Tran , Ngai-Man Cheung

Contrastive learning has become a popular approach in natural language processing, particularly for the learning of sentence embeddings. However, the discrete nature of natural language makes it difficult to ensure the quality of positive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Qinyuan Cheng , Xiaogui Yang , Tianxiang Sun , Linyang Li , Xipeng Qiu

For years, adversarial training has been extensively studied in natural language processing (NLP) settings. The main goal is to make models robust so that similar inputs derive in semantically similar outcomes, which is not a trivial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Daniela N. Rim , DongNyeong Heo , Heeyoul Choi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone in Natural Language Processing (NLP), achieving impressive performance in text generation. Their token-level representations capture rich, human-aligned semantics. However, pooling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Benedikt Roth , Stephan Rappensperger , Tianming Qiu , Hamza Imamović , Julian Wörmann , Hao Shen

We propose a simple and general method to regularize the fine-tuning of Transformer-based encoders for text classification tasks. Specifically, during fine-tuning we generate adversarial examples by perturbing the word embeddings of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Lin Pan , Chung-Wei Hang , Avirup Sil , Saloni Potdar

Contrastive learning is commonly used as a method of self-supervised learning with the "anchor" and "positive" being two random augmentations of a given input image, and the "negative" is the set of all other images. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Rishab Balasubramanian , Kunal Rathore

Recently, heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a de facto model for analyzing HGs, while most of them rely on a relative large number of labeled data. In this work, we investigate Contrastive Learning (CL), a key component…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Yanqiao Zhu , Yichen Xu , Hejie Cui , Carl Yang , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu

This paper presents E5, a family of state-of-the-art text embeddings that transfer well to a wide range of tasks. The model is trained in a contrastive manner with weak supervision signals from our curated large-scale text pair dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Xiaolong Huang , Binxing Jiao , Linjun Yang , Daxin Jiang , Rangan Majumder , Furu Wei

We propose Domain-Conditioned Meta-Contrastive Learning, a framework for improving the cross-domain generalization of vision-language models. While contrastive models such as CLIP achieve strong performance through large-scale training,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Merham Fouladvand , Peuroly Batra

Recent advancements in contrastive learning have revolutionized self-supervised representation learning and achieved state-of-the-art performance on benchmark tasks. While most existing methods focus on applying contrastive learning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Lihui Liu , Jinha Kim , Vidit Bansal

While deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in various computer vision tasks, they often fail to generalize to new domains and subtle variations of input images. Several defenses have been proposed to improve the robustness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Omid Poursaeed , Tianxing Jiang , Harry Yang , Serge Belongie , SerNam Lim

Unsupervised sentence embedding aims to obtain the most appropriate embedding for a sentence to reflect its semantic. Contrastive learning has been attracting developing attention. For a sentence, current models utilize diverse data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Hao Wang , Yangguang Li , Zhen Huang , Yong Dou , Lingpeng Kong , Jing Shao

Despite rapid adoption of autoregressive large language models, smaller text encoders still play an important role in text understanding tasks that require rich contextualized representations. Negation is an important semantic function that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Thinh Hung Truong , Karin Verspoor , Trevor Cohn , Timothy Baldwin

Recent studies have shown that code language models at scale demonstrate significant performance gains on downstream tasks, i.e., code generation. However, most of the existing works on code representation learning train models at a hundred…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Dejiao Zhang , Wasi Ahmad , Ming Tan , Hantian Ding , Ramesh Nallapati , Dan Roth , Xiaofei Ma , Bing Xiang

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) models excel at understanding image-text relationships but struggle with adapting to new data without forgetting prior knowledge. To address this, models are typically fine-tuned using both new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Ryan King , Gang Li , Bobak Mortazavi , Tianbao Yang

Vocoder models have recently achieved substantial progress in generating authentic audio comparable to human quality while significantly reducing memory requirement and inference time. However, these data-hungry generative models require…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Haoming Guo , Seth Z. Zhao , Jiachen Lian , Gopala Anumanchipalli , Gerald Friedland

In this paper, we introduce a novel neural network training framework that increases model's adversarial robustness to adversarial attacks while maintaining high clean accuracy by combining contrastive learning (CL) with adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Adir Rahamim , Itay Naeh

Adversarial training is an approach of increasing the robustness of models to adversarial attacks by including adversarial examples in the training set. One major challenge of producing adversarial examples is to contain sufficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Tianjin Huang , Vlado Menkovski , Yulong Pei , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Contrastive learning (CL) is a prevalent technique for training embedding models, which pulls semantically similar examples (positives) closer in the representation space while pushing dissimilar ones (negatives) further apart. A key source…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Raghuveer Thirukovalluru , Rui Meng , Ye Liu , Karthikeyan K , Mingyi Su , Ping Nie , Semih Yavuz , Yingbo Zhou , Wenhu Chen , Bhuwan Dhingra

Pair-wise loss functions have been extensively studied and shown to continuously improve the performance of deep metric learning (DML). However, they are primarily designed with intuition based on simple toy examples, and experimentally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Haozhi Zhang , Xun Wang , Weilin Huang , Matthew R. Scott
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