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We propose a new estimator for average causal effects of a binary treatment with panel data in settings with general treatment patterns. Our approach augments the popular two-way-fixed-effects specification with unit-specific weights that…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-03-06 Dmitry Arkhangelsky , Guido W. Imbens , Lihua Lei , Xiaoman Luo

Average Treatment Effect (ATE) estimation is a well-studied problem in causal inference. However, it does not necessarily capture the heterogeneity in the data, and several approaches have been proposed to tackle the issue, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Raghavendra Addanki , Siddharth Bhandari

Randomized experiments are considered the gold standard for estimating causal effects. However, out of the set of possible randomized assignments, some may be likely to produce poor effect estimates and misleading conclusions. Restricted…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-28 Maggie Wang , René F. Kizilcec , Michael Baiocchi

We propose a novel method for analyzing and visualizing the complexity of standard reinforcement learning (RL) benchmarks based on score distributions. A large number of policy networks are generated by randomly guessing their parameters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Declan Oller , Tobias Glasmachers , Giuseppe Cuccu

We propose a novel regression adjustment method designed for estimating distributional treatment effect parameters in randomized experiments. Randomized experiments have been extensively used to estimate treatment effects in various…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-07-24 Undral Byambadalai , Tatsushi Oka , Shota Yasui

Estimation and inference of treatment effects under unconfounded treatment assignments often suffer from bias and the `curse of dimensionality' due to the nonparametric estimation of nuisance parameters for high-dimensional confounders.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-08 Zeqi Wu , Meilin Wang , Wei Huang , Zheng Zhang

The Difference-in-Differences (DiD) method is a fundamental tool for causal inference, yet its application is often complicated by missing data. Although recent work has developed robust DiD estimators for complex settings like staggered…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-27 Lorenzo Testa , Edward H. Kennedy , Matthew Reimherr

Across research disciplines, cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are commonly implemented to evaluate interventions delivered to groups of participants, such as communities and clinics. Despite advances in the design and analysis of CRTs,…

Concept drift has potential in smart grid analysis because the socio-economic behaviour of consumers is not governed by the laws of physics. Likewise there are also applications in wind power forecasting. In this paper we present decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-02-16 A. Zhukov , D. Sidorov , A. Foley

Causal inference on the average treatment effect (ATE) using non-probability samples, such as electronic health records (EHR), faces challenges from sample selection bias and high-dimensional covariates. This requires considering a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-28 Jiacong Du , Xu Shi , Donglin Zeng , Bhramar Mukherjee

In view of the node importance in weighted networks, weighted expected method (WEM), was proposed in this paper, which take an advantages of uncertain graph algorithm. First, a weight processing method is proposed based on the relationship…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Linjie Chen , Na Zhao , Jie Li , Zhen Long , Ming Jing , Jian Wang

We consider estimation of a linear functional of the treatment effect using adaptively collected data. This task finds a variety of applications including the off-policy evaluation (\textsf{OPE}) in contextual bandits, and estimation of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-21 Jeonghwan Lee , Cong Ma

In an A/B test, the typical objective is to measure the total average treatment effect (TATE), which measures the difference between the average outcome if all users were treated and the average outcome if all users were untreated. However,…

Applications · Statistics 2020-04-28 David Holtz , Sinan Aral

Stepped-wedge designs are increasingly used in randomized experiments to accommodate logistical and ethical constraints by staggering treatment roll-out over time. Despite their popularity, existing analytical methods largely rely on…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-12 Liangbo Lyu , Bingkai Wang

Recently, there has been a surge in methodological development for the difference-in-differences (DiD) approach to evaluate causal effects. Standard methods in the literature rely on the parallel trends assumption to identify the average…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-17 Pan Zhao , Yifan Cui

The results from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) on thousands of phenotypes provide an unprecedented opportunity to infer the causal effect of one phenotype (exposure) on another (outcome). Mendelian randomization (MR), an…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-30 Jia Zhao , Jingsi Ming , Xianghong Hu , Gang Chen , Jin Liu , Can Yang

Image classification technology and performance based on Deep Learning have already achieved high standards. Nevertheless, many efforts have conducted to improve the stability of classification via ensembling. However, the existing ensemble…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-12 YeongHyeon Park , JoonSung Lee , Wonseok Park

Personalized medicine aims to tailor treatments to individual patients, especially when people respond heterogeneously to therapies. A key objective is to learn individualized treatment rules that recommend optimal treatments from patient…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-12 Zhu Wang

Stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials (SW-CRTs) evaluate interventions rolled out across clusters over time. Standard analyses typically use immediate-treatment (IT) models, which assume effects begin at crossover and remain constant…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-21 Yongdong Ouyang , Monica Taljaard , James P. Hughes , Fan Li

Most networks encountered in nature, society, and technology have weighted edges, representing the strength of the interaction/association between their vertices. Randomizing the structure of a network is a classic procedure used to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-10-29 Filipi N. Silva , Sadamori Kojaku , Alessandro Flammini , Filippo Radicchi , Santo Fortunato