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This paper presents an advancement in Question-Answering (QA) systems using a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) framework to enhance information extraction from PDF files. Recognizing the richness and diversity of data within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Thi Thu Uyen Hoang , Meenakshi Rajendran , Kun Zhang , Yuhan Wu , Viet Anh Nguyen

As an effective method to boost the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on the question answering (QA) task, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which queries highly relevant information from external complex documents, has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Shu Wang , Yingli Zhou , Yixiang Fang

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as an effective paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge. However, existing multimodal RAG systems predominantly rely on coarse-grained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yifan Zhu , Yu Mi , Yue Lu , Yanchu Guan , Zhixuan Chu

Textual data question answering has gained significant attention due to its growing applicability. Recently, a novel approach leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) method was introduced, utilizing the Prize-Collecting Steiner…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Manthankumar Solanki

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a core paradigm in document question answering tasks. However, existing methods have limitations when dealing with multimodal documents: one category of methods relies on layout analysis and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Wang Chen , Wenhan Yu , Guanqiang Qi , Weikang Li , Yang Li , Lei Sha , Deguo Xia , Jizhou Huang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has greatly improved the performance of Large Language Model (LLM) responses by grounding generation with context from existing documents. These systems work well when documents are clearly relevant to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jialin Dong , Bahare Fatemi , Bryan Perozzi , Lin F. Yang , Anton Tsitsulin

Effective disaster management requires rapid access to information distributed across structured operational records, unstructured institutional documents, and dynamic external sources. However, most existing disaster information systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Bo Li , Zhitong Chen , Kai Yin , Junwei Ma , Yiming Xiao , Ali Mostafavi

Large language models record impressive performance on many natural language processing tasks. However, their knowledge capacity is limited to the pretraining corpus. Retrieval augmentation offers an effective solution by retrieving context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Sai Munikoti , Anurag Acharya , Sridevi Wagle , Sameera Horawalavithana

When reading a document, glancing at the spatial layout of a document is an initial step to understand it roughly. Traditional document layout analysis (DLA) methods, however, offer only a superficial parsing of documents, focusing on basic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yufan Chen , Ruiping Liu , Junwei Zheng , Di Wen , Kunyu Peng , Jiaming Zhang , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Current language understanding approaches focus on small documents, such as newswire articles, blog posts, product reviews and discussion forum entries. Understanding and extracting information from large documents like legal briefs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman , Tim Finin

Document parsing (DP) transforms unstructured or semi-structured documents into structured, machine-readable representations, enabling downstream applications such as knowledge base construction and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG).…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to dynamically access external information, which is powerful for answering questions over previously unseen documents. Nonetheless, they struggle with high-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chi-Hsiang Hsiao , Yi-Cheng Wang , Tzung-Sheng Lin , Yi-Ren Yeh , Chu-Song Chen

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently shown great progress in text-rich image understanding, yet they still struggle with complex, multi-page visually-rich documents. Traditional methods using document parsers for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jian Chen , Ruiyi Zhang , Yufan Zhou , Tong Yu , Franck Dernoncourt , Jiuxiang Gu , Ryan A. Rossi , Changyou Chen , Tong Sun

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) advances flat document retrieval by structuring knowledge as relational graphs, enabling more coherent and effective reasoning. However, applying it to specific domains like legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zerui Chen , Qinggang Zhang , Zhishang Xiang , Zhimin Wei , Linfeng Gao , Xiao Huang , Zhihong Zhang , Jinsong Su

With the increasing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs), rich document analysis technologies for applications like Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and visual RAG are gaining significant attention.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Nobuhiro Ueda , Yuyang Dong , Krisztián Boros , Daiki Ito , Takuya Sera , Masafumi Oyamada

For many business applications that require the processing, indexing, and retrieval of professional documents such as legal briefs (in PDF format etc.), it is often essential to classify the pages of any given document into their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Pavlos Fragkogiannis , Martina Forster , Grace E. Lee , Dell Zhang

Document retrieval systems have experienced a revitalized interest with the advent of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). RAG architecture offers a lower hallucination rate than LLM-only applications. However, the accuracy of the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Kavsar Huseynova , Jafar Isbarov

The digitisation campaigns carried out by libraries and archives in recent years have facilitated access to documents in their collections. However, exploring and exploiting these documents remain difficult tasks due to the sheer quantity…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Nicolas Gutehrlé , Iana Atanassova

In the RAG paradigm, the information retrieval module provides context for generators by retrieving and ranking multiple documents to support the aggregation of evidence. However, existing ranking models are primarily optimized for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yongqi Fan , Yuxiang Chu , Zhentao Xia , Xiaoyang Chen , Jie Liu , Haijin Liang , Jin Ma , Ben He , Yingfei Sun , Dezhi Ye , Tong Ruan

Reading Comprehension (RC) is a task of answering a question from a given passage or a set of passages. In the case of multiple passages, the task is to find the best possible answer to the question. Recent trials and experiments in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Avi Chawla