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We propose a variation to the commonly used Word Error Rate (WER) metric for speech recognition evaluation which incorporates the alignment of phonemes, in the absence of time boundary information. After computing the Levenshtein alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Nicholas Ruiz , Marcello Federico

We propose a general framework to compute the word error rate (WER) of ASR systems that process recordings containing multiple speakers at their input and that produce multiple output word sequences (MIMO). Such ASR systems are typically…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-24 Thilo von Neumann , Christoph Boeddeker , Keisuke Kinoshita , Marc Delcroix , Reinhold Haeb-Umbach

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) transcription errors are commonly assessed using metrics that compare them with a reference transcription, such as Word Error Rate (WER), which measures spelling deviations from the reference, or semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Antoine Tholly , Jane Wottawa , Mickael Rouvier , Richard Dufour

Recent advances in supervised, semi-supervised and self-supervised deep learning algorithms have shown significant improvement in the performance of automatic speech recognition(ASR) systems. The state-of-the-art systems have achieved a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Somnath Roy

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are evaluated using Word Error Rate (WER), which is calculated by comparing the number of errors between the ground truth and the transcription of the ASR system. This calculation, however,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Akshay Krishna Sheshadri , Anvesh Rao Vijjini , Sukhdeep Kharbanda

Word error rate (WER) is a metric used to evaluate the quality of transcriptions produced by Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. In many applications, it is of interest to estimate WER given a pair of a speech utterance and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Chanho Park , Mingjie Chen , Thomas Hain

Word error rate (WER) estimation aims to evaluate the quality of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system's output without requiring ground-truth labels. This task has gained increasing attention as advanced ASR systems are trained on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-30 Chanho Park , Chengsong Lu , Mingjie Chen , Thomas Hain

Word error rate (WER) is a standard metric for the evaluation of Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. However, WER fails to provide a fair evaluation of human perceived quality in presence of spelling variations, abbreviations, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Satarupa Guha , Rahul Ambavat , Ankur Gupta , Manish Gupta , Rupeshkumar Mehta

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is traditionally evaluated using Word Error Rate (WER), a metric that is insensitive to meaning. Embedding-based semantic metrics are better correlated with human perception, but decoder-based Large…

The predominant metric for evaluating speech recognizers, the Word Error Rate (WER) has been extended in different ways to handle transcripts produced by long-form multi-talker speech recognizers. These systems process long transcripts…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Thilo von Neumann , Christoph Boeddeker , Marc Delcroix , Reinhold Haeb-Umbach

Word Error Rate (WER) has been the predominant metric used to evaluate the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. However, WER is sometimes not a good indicator for downstream Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Suyoun Kim , Abhinav Arora , Duc Le , Ching-Feng Yeh , Christian Fuegen , Ozlem Kalinli , Michael L. Seltzer

The most commonly used metrics for evaluating automatic speech transcriptions, namely Word Error Rate (WER) and Character Error Rate (CER), have been heavily criticized for their poor correlation to human perception and their inability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Thibault Bañeras-Roux , Mickael Rouvier , Jane Wottawa , Richard Dufour

Evaluating automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems is a classical but difficult and still open problem, which often boils down to focusing only on the word error rate (WER). However, this metric suffers from many limitations and does not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Thibault Bañeras-Roux , Mickaël Rouvier , Jane Wottawa , Richard Dufour

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) plays a crucial role in human-machine interaction and serves as an interface for a wide range of applications. Traditionally, ASR performance has been evaluated using Word Error Rate (WER), a metric that…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-23 Sujith Pulikodan , Sahapthan K , Prasanta Kumar Ghosh , Visruth Sanka , Nihar Desai

Measuring the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems requires manually transcribed data in order to compute the word error rate (WER), which is often time-consuming and expensive. In this paper, we continue our effort in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-11 Ahmed Ali , Steve Renals

The common standard for quality evaluation of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems is reference-based metrics such as the Word Error Rate (WER), computed using manual ground-truth transcriptions that are time-consuming and expensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Kamer Ali Yuksel , Thiago Ferreira , Ahmet Gunduz , Mohamed Al-Badrashiny , Golara Javadi

Measuring automatic speech recognition (ASR) system quality is critical for creating user-satisfying voice-driven applications. Word Error Rate (WER) has been traditionally used to evaluate ASR system quality; however, it sometimes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Suyoun Kim , Duc Le , Weiyi Zheng , Tarun Singh , Abhinav Arora , Xiaoyu Zhai , Christian Fuegen , Ozlem Kalinli , Michael L. Seltzer

Text encodings from automatic speech recognition (ASR) transcripts and audio representations have shown promise in speech emotion recognition (SER) ever since. Yet, it is challenging to explain the effect of each information stream on the…

Word error rate (WER) as a metric has a variety of limitations that have plagued the field of speech recognition. Evaluation datasets suffer from varying style, formality, and inherent ambiguity of the transcription task. In this work, we…

We study the problem of evaluating automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems that target dialectal speech input. A major challenge in this case is that the orthography of dialects is typically not standardized. From an ASR evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Ahmed Ali , Preslav Nakov , Peter Bell , Steve Renals
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