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Alignment with human preference prevents large language models (LLMs) from generating misleading or toxic content while requiring high-cost human feedback. Assuming resources of human annotation are limited, there are two different ways of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Feifan Song , Bowen Yu , Hao Lang , Haiyang Yu , Fei Huang , Houfeng Wang , Yongbin Li

Alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) aims to align outputs with human preferences, and personalized alignment further adapts models to individual users. This relies on personalized reward models that capture user-specific preferences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hongru Cai , Yongqi Li , Tiezheng Yu , Fengbin Zhu , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Wenjie Li

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) heralds a pivotal shift in online user interactions with information. Traditional Information Retrieval (IR) systems primarily relied on query-document matching, whereas LLMs excel in comprehending…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Samira Ghodratnama , Mehrdad Zakershahrak

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable performance across various NLP tasks. However, they often generate incorrect or hallucinated information, which hinders their practical applicability in real-world scenarios. Human feedback…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Wenhao Yu , Zhihan Zhang , Zhenwen Liang , Meng Jiang , Ashish Sabharwal

To explore a more scalable path for adding multimodal capabilities to existing LLMs, this paper addresses a fundamental question: Can a unimodal LLM, relying solely on text, reason about its own informational needs and provide effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sazia Tabasum Mim , Jack Morris , Manish Dhakal , Yanming Xiu , Maria Gorlatova , Yi Ding

Conversational recommender systems (CRS) based on Large Language Models (LLMs) need to constantly be aligned to the user preferences to provide satisfying and context-relevant item recommendations. The traditional supervised fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Zhongheng Yang , Aijia Sun , Yushang Zhao , Yinuo Yang , Dannier Li , Chengrui Zhou

Simulating high quality user behavior data has always been a fundamental problem in human-centered applications, where the major difficulty originates from the intricate mechanism of human decision process. Recently, substantial evidences…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Lei Wang , Jingsen Zhang , Hao Yang , Zhiyuan Chen , Jiakai Tang , Zeyu Zhang , Xu Chen , Yankai Lin , Ruihua Song , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jun Xu , Zhicheng Dou , Jun Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

Languages are shaped by the inductive biases of their users. Using a classical referential game, we investigate how artificial languages evolve when optimised for inductive biases in humans and large language models (LLMs) via Human-Human,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Tom Kouwenhoven , Max Peeperkorn , Roy de Kleijn , Tessa Verhoef

To assist users in complex tasks, LLMs generate plans: step-by-step instructions towards a goal. While alignment methods aim to ensure LLM plans are helpful, they train (RLHF) or evaluate (ChatbotArena) on what users prefer, assuming this…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly capable of simulating human behavior, offering cost-effective ways to estimate user responses to various surveys and polls. However, the questions in these surveys usually reflect socially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Minwoo Kang , Suhong Moon , Seung Hyeong Lee , Ayush Raj , Joseph Suh , David M. Chan , John Canny

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to generating content that exhibits gender biases, raising significant ethical concerns. Alignment, the process of fine-tuning LLMs to better align with desired behaviors, is recognized as an effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Tao Zhang , Ziqian Zeng , Yuxiang Xiao , Huiping Zhuang , Cen Chen , James Foulds , Shimei Pan

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve into lifelong AI assistants, LLM personalization has become a critical frontier. However, progress is currently bottlenecked by the absence of a gold-standard evaluation benchmark. Existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jianfei Xiao , Xiang Yu , Chengbing Wang , Wuqiang Zheng , Xinyu Lin , Kaining Liu , Hongxun Ding , Yang Zhang , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He

While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is widely used to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, it typically assumes homogeneous preferences across users, overlooking diverse human values and minority…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Yinhong Liu , Ahmet Üstün , Nigel Collier

Large Language Model (LLM) assistants, such as ChatGPT, have emerged as potential alternatives to search methods for helping users navigate complex, feature-rich software. LLMs use vast training data from domain-specific texts, software…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Anjali Khurana , Hari Subramonyam , Parmit K Chilana

Large language models (LLMs) with extended context windows enable tasks requiring extensive information integration but are limited by the scarcity of high-quality, diverse datasets for long-context instruction tuning. Existing data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jiaxi Li , Xingxing Zhang , Xun Wang , Xiaolong Huang , Li Dong , Liang Wang , Si-Qing Chen , Wei Lu , Furu Wei

The recent success in using human preferences to align large language models (LLMs) has significantly improved their performance in various downstream tasks, such as question answering, mathematical reasoning, and code generation. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Xiaoqiang Lin , Arun Verma , Zhongxiang Dai , Daniela Rus , See-Kiong Ng , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on extensive textual corpora have emerged as leading solutions for a broad array of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Despite their notable performance, these models are prone to certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Yufei Wang , Wanjun Zhong , Liangyou Li , Fei Mi , Xingshan Zeng , Wenyong Huang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have unlocked new capabilities and applications; however, evaluating the alignment with human preferences still poses significant challenges. To address this issue, we introduce Chatbot Arena, an open platform…

Serendipity plays a pivotal role in enhancing user satisfaction within recommender systems, yet its evaluation poses significant challenges due to its inherently subjective nature and conceptual ambiguity. Current algorithmic approaches…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Li Kang , Yuhan Zhao , Li Chen

As AI becomes fundamental in sectors like healthcare, explainable AI (XAI) tools are essential for trust and transparency. However, traditional user studies used to evaluate these tools are often costly, time consuming, and difficult to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Francesco Bombassei De Bona , Gabriele Dominici , Tim Miller , Marc Langheinrich , Martin Gjoreski
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