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The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), the world's first and largest cap-and-trade carbon market, is a cornerstone of EU climate policy. This study provides a comprehensive empirical analysis of the EU carbon market's…

Applications · Statistics 2026-04-21 Avirup Chakraborty

The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is a key policy tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and advancing toward a net-zero economy. Under this scheme, tradeable carbon credits, European Union Allowances (EUAs), are…

Applications · Statistics 2025-05-16 Jan Maciejowski , Manuele Leonelli

The European Union Emission Trading Scheme is a carbon emission allowance trading system designed by Europe to achieve emission reduction targets. The amount of carbon emission caused by production activities is closely related to the…

General Economics · Economics 2021-08-19 Peng-Fei Dai , Xiong Xiong , Toan Luu Duc Huynh , Jiqiang Wang

We provide ex-post empirical analysis of the effects of climate policies on carbon dioxide emissions at the aggregate national level. Our results are based on a comprehensive database of 121 countries. As climate policies we examine carbon…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-14 Emanuel Kohlscheen , Richhild Moessner , Elod Takats

The European Union is engaged in the fight against climate change. A crucial issue to enforce common environmental guidelines is environmental convergence. States converging in environmental variables are expected to be able to jointly…

General Economics · Economics 2024-02-09 María José Presno , Manuel Landajo , Paula Fernández González

The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is a cornerstone of the EU's strategy to fight climate change and an important device for plummeting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in an economically efficient manner. The power industry…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-05-03 Arega Getaneh Abate , Rossana Riccardi , Carlos Ruiz

In 2018, allowance prices in the EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) experienced a run-up from persistently low levels in previous years. Regulators attribute this to a comprehensive reform in the same year, and are confident the new price…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-03-23 Marina Friedrich , Sébastien Fries , Michael Pahle , Ottmar Edenhofer

This paper assesses the effects of greenhouse gas emissions drivers in EU-27 over the period 2010-2019, using a Panel EGLS model with period fixed effects. In particular, we focused our research on studying the effects of GDP, renewable…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-05-03 I. Jianu , S. M. Jeloaica , M. D. Tudorache

We introduce a model for the evolution of emissions and the price of emissions allowances in a carbon market such as the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The model accounts for multiple trading periods, or phases, with…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-08-21 Chassagneux Jean-Francois , Chotai Hinesh , Crisan Dan

This paper examines how firm-level determinants of industrial emissions evolve over time as firms adapt to environmental regulation, economic conditions, and organisational constraints. Using a panel of 204 U.S. industrial facilities…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-25 George Kapetanios , Steven Ongena , Alexia Ventouri , Huiyan Xiao

The results based on the nonparametric nearest neighbor matching suggest a statistically significant positive effect of the EU ETS on the economic performance of the regulated firms during Phase I of the EU ETS. A year-by-year analysis…

General Economics · Economics 2021-08-17 Nitish Gupta , Ruchir Kaul , Satwik Gupta , Jay Shah

The European carbon market plays a pivotal role in the European Union's ambitious target of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Understanding the intricacies of factors influencing European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) market…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-10 Cristiano Salvagnin , Aldo Glielmo , Maria Elena De Giuli , Antonietta Mira

We propose a non-linear state-space model to examine the relationship between CO$_2$ emissions, energy sources, and macroeconomic activity, using data from 1971 to 2019. CO$_2$ emissions are modeled as a weighted sum of fossil fuel use,…

Applications · Statistics 2024-03-08 Mikkel Bennedsen , Eric Hillebrand , Jingying Zhou Lykke

Understanding how climate and innovation policies perform during socio-technical transitions remains a central challenge in innovation studies. Empirical analyses of the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions continue to…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-01-06 Ngueuleweu Tiwang Gildas

Consumption-based carbon emission measures aim to account for emissions associated with power transmission from distant regions, as opposed to measures which only consider local power generation. Outlining key differences between two…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-04-10 Mirko Schäfer , Bo Tranberg , Dave Jones , Anke Weidlich

With the urgent need to implement the EU countries pledges and to monitor the effectiveness of Green Deal plan, Monitoring Reporting and Verification tools are needed to track how emissions are changing for all the sectors. Current official…

Carbon pricing has become a central pillar of modern climate policy, with carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETS) serving as the two dominant approaches. Although economic theory suggests these instruments are equivalent under…

General Economics · Economics 2025-10-21 Stéphane Crépey , Samuel Drapeau , Mekonnen Tadese

Putting a price on carbon -- with taxes or developing carbon markets -- is a widely used policy measure to achieve the target of net-zero emissions by 2050. This paper tackles the issue of producing point, direction-of-change, and density…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-02-21 Andrea Bastianin , Elisabetta Mirto , Yan Qin , Luca Rossini

We investigate the effectiveness of low-carbon expenditures from the European Structural and Investment Funds in reducing greenhouse gas emissions across EU regions. Using trend and cycle decomposition of per capita emissions and emissions…

General Economics · Economics 2025-10-15 Marco Dueñas , Antoine Mandel

The global carbon market is fragmented and characterized by limited pricing transparency and empirical evidence, creating challenges for investors and policymakers in identifying carbon management opportunities. The European Union is among…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-12 Joseph Nyangon , Brecht Seifi
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