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In complex environments with high dimension, training a reinforcement learning (RL) model from scratch often suffers from lengthy and tedious collection of agent-environment interactions. Instead, leveraging expert demonstration to guide RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Zhaorun Chen , Binhao Chen , Shenghan Xie , Liang Gong , Chengliang Liu , Zhengfeng Zhang , Junping Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL), particularly RL from verifiable reward (RLVR), has become a crucial phase of training large language models (LLMs) and a key focus of current scaling efforts. However, optimization practices in RL largely follow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Sagnik Mukherjee , Lifan Yuan , Pavan Jayasinha , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Hao Peng

In this work, we propose algorithms and methods that enable learning dexterous object manipulation using simulated one- or two-armed robots equipped with multi-fingered hand end-effectors. Using a parallel GPU-accelerated physics simulator…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Aleksei Petrenko , Arthur Allshire , Gavriel State , Ankur Handa , Viktor Makoviychuk

Classical navigation systems typically operate using a fixed set of hand-picked parameters (e.g. maximum speed, sampling rate, inflation radius, etc.) and require heavy expert re-tuning in order to work in new environments. To mitigate this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Zifan Xu , Gauraang Dhamankar , Anirudh Nair , Xuesu Xiao , Garrett Warnell , Bo Liu , Zizhao Wang , Peter Stone

AdamZ is an advanced variant of the Adam optimiser, developed to enhance convergence efficiency in neural network training. This optimiser dynamically adjusts the learning rate by incorporating mechanisms to address overshooting and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Ilia Zaznov , Atta Badii , Alfonso Dufour , Julian Kunkel

Meta-learning is a branch of machine learning which aims to synthesize data from a distribution of related tasks to efficiently solve new ones. In process control, many systems have similar and well-understood dynamics, which suggests it is…

Optimizing the injection process in particle accelerators is crucial for enhancing beam quality and operational efficiency. This paper presents a framework for utilizing Reinforcement Learning (RL) to optimize the injection process at…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-03-19 Awal Awal , Jan Hetzel , Ralf Gebel , Jörg Pretz

We provide a framework for incorporating robustness -- to perturbations in the transition dynamics which we refer to as model misspecification -- into continuous control Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms. We specifically focus on…

We study reinforcement learning by combining recent advances in regularized linear programming formulations with the classical theory of stochastic approximation. Motivated by the challenge of designing algorithms that leverage off-policy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Axel Friedrich Wolter , Tobias Sutter

The memory challenges associated with training Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a critical concern, particularly when using the Adam optimizer. To address this issue, numerous memory-efficient techniques have been proposed, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yiming Chen , Yuan Zhang , Yin Liu , Kun Yuan , Zaiwen Wen

Although reinforcement learning (RL) is considered the gold standard for policy design, it may not always provide a robust solution in various scenarios. This can result in severe performance degradation when the environment is exposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Juncheng Dong , Hao-Lun Hsu , Qitong Gao , Vahid Tarokh , Miroslav Pajic

Reinforcement learning systems require good representations to work well. For decades practical success in reinforcement learning was limited to small domains. Deep reinforcement learning systems, on the other hand, are scalable, not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Sina Ghiassian , Banafsheh Rafiee , Yat Long Lo , Adam White

Adam is a widely used optimizer in neural network training due to its adaptive learning rate. However, because different data samples influence model updates to varying degrees, treating them equally can lead to inefficient convergence. To…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-09 Gyu Yeol Kim , Min-hwan Oh

A common optimization tool used in deep reinforcement learning is momentum, which consists in accumulating and discounting past gradients, reapplying them at each iteration. We argue that, unlike in supervised learning, momentum in Temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Emmanuel Bengio , Joelle Pineau , Doina Precup

The reinforcement learning algorithms that focus on how to compute the gradient and choose next actions, are effectively improved the performance of the agents. However, these algorithms are environment-agnostic. This means that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Pouya Parsa , Raoof Zare Moayedi , Mohammad Bornosi , Mohammad Mahdi Bejani

Reinforcement learning (RL) is challenging in the common case of delays between events and their sensory perceptions. State-of-the-art (SOTA) state augmentation techniques either suffer from state space explosion or performance degeneration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Qingyuan Wu , Simon Sinong Zhan , Yixuan Wang , Yuhui Wang , Chung-Wei Lin , Chen Lv , Qi Zhu , Jürgen Schmidhuber , Chao Huang

In agent control issues, the idea of combining reinforcement learning and planning has attracted much attention. Two methods focus on micro and macro action respectively. Their advantages would show together if there is a good cooperation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Xuerun Chen

One of the main obstacles to broad application of reinforcement learning methods is the parameter sensitivity of our core learning algorithms. In many large-scale applications, online computation and function approximation represent key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Martha White , Adam White

Imagine if AI decision-support tools not only complemented our ability to make accurate decisions, but also improved our skills, boosted collaboration, and elevated the joy we derive from our tasks. Despite the potential to optimize a broad…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zana Buçinca , Siddharth Swaroop , Amanda E. Paluch , Susan A. Murphy , Krzysztof Z. Gajos

We propose a continuous-time scheme for large-scale optimization that introduces individual, adaptive momentum coefficients regulated by the kinetic energy of each model parameter. This approach automatically adjusts to local landscape…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Aikaterini Karoni , Rajit Rajpal , Benedict Leimkuhler , Gabriel Stoltz