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The dark web has emerged as the state-of-the-art solution for enhanced anonymity. Just like a double-edged sword, it also inadvertently becomes the safety net and breeding ground for illicit activities. Among them, cryptocurrencies have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Pengcheng Xia , Zhou Yu , Kailong Wang , Kai Ma , Shuo Chen , Xiapu Luo , Yajin Zhou , Lei Wu , Guangdong Bai

Cryptocurrency off-chain networks such as Lightning (e.g., Bitcoin) or Raiden (e.g., Ethereum) aim to increase the scalability of traditional on-chain transactions. To support nodes in learning about possible paths to route their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Utz Nisslmueller , Klaus-Tycho Foerster , Stefan Schmid , Christian Decker

Cryptocurrencies gain trust in users by publicly disclosing the full creation and transaction history. In return, the transaction history faithfully records the whole spectrum of cryptocurrency user behaviors. This article analyzes and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Xiao Fan Liu , Xin-Jian Jiang , Si-Hao Liu , Chi Kong Tse

We increasingly live in a world where there is a balance between the rights to privacy and the requirements for consent, and the rights of society to protect itself. Within this world, there is an ever-increasing requirement to protect the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Simon Dyson , William J Buchanan , Liam Bell

Memory was captured from a system infected by ransomware and its contents was examined using live forensic tools, with the intent of identifying the symmetric encryption keys being used. NotPetya, Bad Rabbit and Phobos hybrid ransomware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Simon R. Davies , Richard Macfarlane , William J. Buchanan

Ransomware presents a significant and increasing threat to individuals and organizations by encrypting their systems and not releasing them until a large fee has been extracted. To bolster preparedness against potential attacks,…

Ransomware has been predominantly a threat to Windows systems. But, Linux systems became interesting for cybercriminals and this trend is expected to continue. This endangers IoT ecosystems, whereas many IoT systems are based on Linux (e.g.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Salko Korac , Leandros Maglaras , Naghmeh Moradpoor , Bill Buchanan , Berk Canberk

Ransomware is a significant global threat, with easy deployment due to the prevalent ransomware-as-a-service model. Machine learning algorithms incorporating the use of opcode characteristics and Support Vector Machine have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-30 James Baldwin , Ali Dehghantanha

Ransomware, a fearsome and rapidly evolving cybersecurity threat, continues to inflict severe consequences on individuals and organizations worldwide. Traditional detection methods, reliant on static signatures and application behavioral…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Dionysios Diamantopoulos , Roman Pletka , Slavisa Sarafijanovic , A. L. Narasimha Reddy , Haris Pozidis

Ransomware has emerged as one of the major global threats in recent days. The alarming increasing rate of ransomware attacks and new ransomware variants intrigue the researchers in this domain to constantly examine the distinguishing traits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Rawshan Ara Mowri , Madhuri Siddula , Kaushik Roy

Economic incentives encourage malware authors to constantly develop new, increasingly complex malware to steal sensitive data or blackmail individuals and companies into paying large ransoms. In 2017, the worldwide economic impact of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Michal Piskozub , Fabio De Gaspari , Frederick Barr-Smith , Luigi V. Mancini , Ivan Martinovic

In many blockchains, e.g., Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain (BSC), the primary representation used for wallet addresses is a hardly memorable 40-digit hexadecimal string. As a result, users often select addresses from their recent transaction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Taro Tsuchiya , Jin-Dong Dong , Kyle Soska , Nicolas Christin

In the rapidly evolving landscape of cybersecurity threats, ransomware represents a significant challenge. Attackers increasingly employ sophisticated encryption methods, such as entropy reduction through Base64 encoding, and partial or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Arash Mahboubi , Hamed Aboutorab , Seyit Camtepe , Hang Thanh Bui , Khanh Luong , Keyvan Ansari , Shenlu Wang , Bazara Barry

Ransomware continues to evolve as one of the most disruptive cyber threats, with recent variants increasingly leveraging automated and AI-assisted techniques to evade traditional signature-based defenses. Early detection of such attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Prabhudarshi Nayak , Gogulakrishnan Thiyagarajan , Debashree Priyadarshini , Vinay Bist , Rohan Swain

Cryptocurrency is a novel exploration of a form of currency that proposes a decentralized electronic payment scheme based on blockchain technology and cryptographic theory. While cryptocurrency has the security characteristics of being…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Zekai Liu , Xiaoqi Li

Linux-based cloud environments have become lucrative targets for ransomware attacks, employing various encryption schemes at unprecedented speeds. Addressing the urgency for real-time ransomware protection, we propose leveraging the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Adrian Brodzik , Tomasz Malec-Kruszyński , Wojciech Niewolski , Mikołaj Tkaczyk , Krzysztof Bocianiak , Sok-Yen Loui

Researchers have proposed a wide range of ransomware detection and analysis schemes. However, most of these efforts have focused on older families targeting Windows 7/8 systems. Hence there is a critical need to develop efficient solutions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Aldin Vehabovic , Hadi Zanddizari , Farook Shaikh , Nasir Ghani , Morteza Safaei Pour , Elias Bou-Harb , Jorge Crichigno

Ransomware attacks are increasing at an alarming rate, leading to large financial losses, unrecoverable encrypted data, data leakage, and privacy concerns. The prompt detection of ransomware attacks is required to minimize further damage,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Jurijs Nazarovs , Jack W. Stokes , Melissa Turcotte , Justin Carroll , Itai Grady

Crypto-ransomware attacks have been a growing threat over the last few years. The goal of every ransomware strain is encrypting user data, such that attackers can later demand users a ransom for unlocking their data. To maximise their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Marco Venturini , Francesco Freda , Emanuele Miotto , Mauro Conti , Alberto Giaretta

In the last years, cryptocurrencies are increasingly popular. Even people who are not experts have started to invest in these securities and nowadays cryptocurrency exchanges process transactions for over 100 billion US dollars per month.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Massimo La Morgia , Alessandro Mei , Francesco Sassi , Julinda Stefa