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An important problem in smart contract security is understanding the likelihood and criticality of discovered, or potential, weaknesses in contracts. In this paper we provide a summary of Ethereum smart contract audits performed for 23…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Alex Groce , Josselin Feist , Gustavo Grieco , Michael Colburn

Smart contracts are computer programs running on blockchains to automate the transaction execution between users. The absence of contract specifications poses a real challenge to the correctness verification of smart contracts. Program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Ye Liu , Chengxuan Zhang , Yi Li.

Smart contracts are a special type of programs running inside a blockchain. Immutable and transparent, they provide means to implement fault-tolerant and censorship-resistant services. Unfortunately, its immutability causes a serious…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Evgeniy Shishkin

Smart contracts manage a large number of digital assets nowadays. Bugs in these contracts have led to significant financial loss. Verifying the correctness of smart contracts is, therefore, an important task. This paper presents an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Haoxian Chen , Lan Lu , Brendan Massey , Yuepeng Wang , Boon Thau Loo

Smart contract is the building block of blockchain systems that enables automated peer-to-peer transactions and decentralized services. With the increasing popularity of smart contracts, blockchain systems, in particular Ethereum, have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Huiwen Hu , Yuedong Xu

Cross-chain bridges play a vital role in enabling blockchain interoperability. However, due to the inherent design flaws and the enormous value they hold, they have become prime targets for hacker attacks. Existing detection methods show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Dan Lin , Shunfeng Lu , Ziyan Liu , Jiajing Wu , Junyuan Fang , Kaixin Lin , Bowen Song , Zibin Zheng

Smart contracts are an attractive target for attackers, as evidenced by a long history of security incidents. A current limitation of smart contract verification tools is that they are not really effective in expressing and verifying…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Massimo Bartoletti , Angelo Ferrando , Enrico Lipparini , Vadim Malvone

Ethereum is a permissionless blockchain ecosystem that supports execution of smart contracts, the key enablers of decentralized finance (DeFi) and non-fungible tokens (NFT). However, the expressiveness of Ethereum smart contracts is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Nikolay Ivanov , Qiben Yan , Anurag Kompalli

The inherent determinism of blockchain technology poses a significant challenge to generating secure random numbers within smart contracts, leading to exploitable vulnerabilities, particularly in decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystems and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hadis Rezaei , Ahmed Afif Monrat , Karl Andersson , Francesco Flammini

In this paper, we investigate the strategies adopted by Solidity developers to fix security vulnerabilities in smart contracts. Vulnerabilities are categorized using the DASP TOP 10 taxonomy, and fixing strategies are extracted from GitHub…

Smart contracts are self-executing programs that run on blockchains (e.g., Ethereum). 680 million US dollars worth of digital assets controlled by smart contracts have been hacked or stolen due to various security vulnerabilities in 2021.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Tanusree Sharma , Zhixuan Zhou , Andrew Miller , Yang Wang

Smart contracts power decentralized financial (DeFi) services but are vulnerable to security exploits that can lead to significant financial losses. Existing security measures often fail to adequately protect these contracts due to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhiyang Chen , Sidi Mohamed Beillahi , Pasha Barahimi , Cyrus Minwalla , Han Du , Andreas Veneris , Fan Long

Developers of smart contracts pervasively reuse subcontracts to improve development efficiency. Like any program language, such subcontract reuse may unexpectedly include, or introduce vulnerabilities to the end-point smart contract.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zeqin Liao , Yuhong Nan , Zixu Gao , Henglong Liang , Sicheng Hao , Jiajing Wu , Zibin Zheng

Smart contracts are increasingly targeted by adversaries employing obfuscation techniques such as bogus code injection and control flow manipulation to evade vulnerability detection. Existing multimodal methods often process semantic,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Minh-Dai Tran-Duong , Nguyen Hai Phong , Nguyen Chi Thanh , Doan Minh Trung , Tram Truong-Huu , Van-Hau Pham , Phan The Duy

Smart contract vulnerabilities can cause substantial financial losses due to the immutability of code after deployment. While existing tools detect vulnerabilities, they cannot effectively repair them. In this paper, we propose SCPatcher, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Xiaoqi Li , Shipeng Ye , Wenkai Li , Zongwei Li

Reentrancy is one of the most notorious vulnerabilities in smart contracts, resulting in significant digital asset losses. However, many previous works indicate that current Reentrancy detection tools suffer from high false positive rates.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Zexu Wang , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng , Peilin Zheng , Yu Zhang , Weizhe Zhang

Auto-completing code enables developers to speed up coding significantly. Recent advances in transformer-based large language model (LLM) technologies have been applied to code synthesis. However, studies show that many of such synthesized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-09 André Storhaug , Jingyue Li , Tianyuan Hu

With blockchain technology rapidly progress, the smart contracts have become a common tool in a number of industries including finance, healthcare, insurance and gaming. The number of smart contracts has multiplied, and at the same time,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Mohammad Khodadadi , Jafar Tahmoresnezhad

Stuck pipe incidents are one of the major challenges in drilling engineering,leading to massive time loss and additional costs.To address the limitations of insufficient long sequence modeling capability,the difficulty in accurately…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Bo Cao , Yu Song , Jin Yang , Lei Li

The Smart Contract Weakness Classification Registry (SWC Registry) is a widely recognized list of smart contract weaknesses specific to the Ethereum platform. Despite the SWC Registry not being updated with new entries since 2020, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Zibin Zheng , Jianzhong Su , Jiachi Chen , David Lo , Zhijie Zhong , Mingxi Ye