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Recently, Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) including the ResNet-20 architecture have been privately evaluated on encrypted, low-resolution data with the Residue-Number-System Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song (RNS-CKKS) homomorphic encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Vivian Maloney , Richard F. Obrecht , Vikram Saraph , Prathibha Rama , Kate Tallaksen

The widespread adoption of Machine Learning as a Service raises critical privacy and security concerns, particularly about data confidentiality and trust in both cloud providers and the machine learning models. Homomorphic Encryption (HE)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Nges Brian Njungle , Eric Jahns , Michel A. Kinsy

Deep Learning as a Service (DLaaS) stands as a promising solution for cloud-based inference applications. In this setting, the cloud has a pre-learned model whereas the user has samples on which she wants to run the model. The biggest…

Recent work using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) has made non-interactive privacy-preserving inference of deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) possible. However, the performance of these methods remain limited by their heavy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Eduardo Chielle , Manaar Alam , Jinting Liu , Jovan Kascelan , Michail Maniatakos

Privacy-preserving deep neural network (DNN) inference is a necessity in different regulated industries such as healthcare, finance and retail. Recently, homomorphic encryption (HE) has been used as a method to enable analytics while…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Moran Baruch , Nir Drucker , Lev Greenberg , Guy Moshkowich

We present automatically parameterised Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) for encrypted neural network inference and exemplify our inference over FHE compatible neural networks with our own open-source framework and reproducible examples.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 George Onoufriou , Marc Hanheide , Georgios Leontidis

The need for privacy-preserving analytics is higher than ever due to the severity of privacy risks and to comply with new privacy regulations leading to an amplified interest in privacy-preserving techniques that try to balance between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Ahmad Al Badawi , Luong Hoang , Chan Fook Mun , Kim Laine , Khin Mi Mi Aung

Federated learning is a method used in machine learning to allow multiple devices to work together on a model without sharing their private data. Each participant keeps their private data on their system and trains a local model and only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Feiran Yang

Growing concerns over data privacy underscore the need for deep learning methods capable of processing sensitive information without compromising confidentiality. Among privacy-enhancing technologies, Homomorphic Encryption (HE) stands out…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Alberto Pirillo , Luca Colombo

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables privacy-preserving deep learning by allowing computations on encrypted data without decryption. However, deploying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with HE is challenging due to the need to convert…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Hyunmin Choi , Jihun Kim , Seungho Kim , Seonhye Park , Jeongyong Park , Wonbin Choi , Hyoungshick Kim

When applying machine learning to sensitive data, one has to find a balance between accuracy, information security, and computational-complexity. Recent studies combined Homomorphic Encryption with neural networks to make inferences while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Alon Brutzkus , Oren Elisha , Ran Gilad-Bachrach

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computations to be performed directly on encrypted data without needing to decrypt it first. This "encryption-in-use" feature is crucial for securely outsourcing computations in privacy-sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Muhammad Husni Santriaji , Jiaqi Xue , Qian Lou , Yan Solihin

Machine learning on encrypted data can address the concerns related to privacy and legality of sharing sensitive data with untrustworthy service providers. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a promising technique to enable machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Nayna Jain , Karthik Nandakumar , Nalini Ratha , Sharath Pankanti , Uttam Kumar

Big data has been a pervasive catchphrase in recent years, but dealing with data scarcity has become a crucial question for many real-world deep learning (DL) applications. A popular methodology to efficiently enable the training of DL…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Roman Walch , Samuel Sousa , Lukas Helminger , Stefanie Lindstaedt , Christian Rechberger , Andreas Trügler

The rapid development of artificial intelligence has brought considerable convenience, yet also introduces significant security risks. One of the research hotspots is to balance data privacy and utility in the real world of artificial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Pengbo Li , Ting Gao , Huifang Huang , Jiani Cheng , Shuhong Gao , Zhigang Zeng , Jinqiao Duan

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a relatively recent advancement in the field of privacy-preserving technologies. FHE allows for the arbitrary depth computation of both addition and multiplication, and thus the application of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-29 George Onoufriou , Paul Mayfield , Georgios Leontidis

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across institutions without sharing raw data. However, gradient sharing still risks privacy leakage, such as gradient inversion attacks. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) can secure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiaqi Xue , Mayank Kumar , Yuzhang Shang , Shangqian Gao , Rui Ning , Mengxin Zheng , Xiaoqian Jiang , Qian Lou

This paper presents Flash, an optimized private inference (PI) hybrid protocol utilizing both homomorphic encryption (HE) and secure two-party computation (2PC), which can reduce the end-to-end PI latency for deep CNN models less than 1…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Hyeri Roh , Jinsu Yeo , Yeongil Ko , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks , Woo-Seok Choi

Leveled Homomorphic Encryption (LHE) offers a potential solution that could allow sectors with sensitive data to utilize the cloud and securely deploy their models for remote inference with Deep Neural Networks (DNN). However, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Moustafa AboulAtta , Matthias Ossadnik , Seyed-Ahmad Ahmadi

Due to the rising privacy demand in data mining, Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is receiving more and more attention recently for its capability to do computations over the encrypted field. By using the HE technique, it is possible to securely…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-20 Junyi Li , Heng Huang