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Quantum simulation represents the most promising quantum application to demonstrate quantum advantage on near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers, yet available quantum simulation algorithms are prone to errors and thus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Shin Sun , Li-Chai Shih , Yuan-Chung Cheng

The Quantum Phase Difference Estimation (QPDE) algorithm, as an extension of the Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE), is a quantum algorithm designed to compute the differences of two eigenvalues of a unitary operator by exploiting the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Boni Paul , Sudhindu Bikash Mandal , Kenji Sugisaki , B. P. Das

Quantum computing promises enabling solving large problem instances, e.g. large linear equation systems with HHL algorithm, once the hardware stack matures. For the foreseeable future quantum computing will remain in the so-called NISQ era,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Marc Andreu Marfany , Alona Sakhnenko , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

It is not so well-known that measurement-free quantum error correction protocols can be designed to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing. Despite the potential advantages of using such protocols in terms of the relaxation of accuracy,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-02 Gerardo A. Paz-Silva , Gavin K. Brennen , Jason Twamley

Fault tolerance is a long-term objective driving many companies and research organizations to compete in making current, imperfect quantum computers useful - Quantum Utility (QU). It looks promising to achieve this by leveraging software…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-27 Markiian Tsymbalista , Ihor Katernyak

Noisy and Intermediate-Scale Quantum, or NISQ, processors are sensitive to noise, prone to quantum decoherence, and are not yet capable of continuous quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Hence, quantum algorithms…

Although near-term quantum computing devices are still limited by the quantity and quality of qubits in the so-called NISQ era, quantum computational advantage has been experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, hybrid architectures of quantum…

Ever since the discussions about a possible quantum computer arised, quantum simulations have been at the forefront of possible utilities and the task of quantum simulations is one that promises quantum advantage. In recent years,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-23 Sorana Catrina , Alexandra Băicoianu

Quantum computation is a subject of much theoretical promise, but has not been realized in large scale, despite the discovery of fault-tolerant procedures to overcome decoherence. Part of the reason is that the theoretically modest…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Debbie W. Leung

Achieving practical quantum speedup with limited resources is a crucial challenge in both academic and industrial communities. To address this, a partially fault-tolerant quantum computing architecture called ``space-time efficient analog…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-24 Yutaro Akahoshi , Riki Toshio , Jun Fujisaki , Hirotaka Oshima , Shintaro Sato , Keisuke Fujii

It is vital to minimise the impact of errors for near-future quantum devices that will lack the resources for full fault tolerance. Two quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques have been introduced recently, namely error extrapolation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Suguru Endo , Simon C. Benjamin , Ying Li

Current approaches to fault-tolerant quantum computation will not enable useful quantum computation on near-term devices of 50 to 100 qubits. Leading proposals, such as the color code and surface code schemes, must devote a large fraction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 Peter D. Johnson , Jonathan Romero , Jonathan Olson , Yudong Cao , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Error mitigation is essential for unlocking the full potential of quantum algorithms and accelerating the timeline toward quantum advantage. As quantum hardware progresses to push the boundaries of classical simulation, efficient and robust…

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers could solve quantum-mechanical simulation problems that are beyond the capabilities of classical computers. However, NISQ devices experience significant errors which, if not corrected, can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-04 Ashley Montanaro , Stasja Stanisic

Digital quantum computers promise exponential speedups in performing quantum time-evolution, providing an opportunity to simulate quantum dynamics of complex systems in physics and chemistry. However, the task of extracting desired quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Chong Hian Chee , Daniel Leykam , Adrian M. Mak , Kishor Bharti , Dimitris G. Angelakis

The variational principle serves as a fundamental framework for describing equilibrium states of physical systems via the minimization or extremization of an energy-like functional. While quantum algorithms have demonstrated promising…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Katsuhiro Endo , Kazuaki Z. Takahashi

Commercially available Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices now make small hybrid quantum-classical experiments practical, but many tools hide configuration or demand ad-hoc scripting. We introduce the Quantum Experiment…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Vincent Gierisch , Wolfgang Mauerer

Quantum computing has long been an experimental technology with the potential to simulate, at scale, phenomena which on classical devices would be too expensive to simulate at any but the smallest scales. Over the last several years,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 Ivan Chernyshev

In the current era of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technology, the practical use of quantum computers remains inhibited by our inability to aptly decouple qubits from their environment to mitigate computational errors. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-09 Thomas J. Maldonado , Johannes Flick , Stefan Krastanov , Alexey Galda

The quantum computing devices of today have tens to hundreds of qubits that are highly susceptible to noise due to unwanted interactions with their environment. The theory of quantum error correction provides a scheme by which the effects…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-02 Akshaya Jayashankar , Prabha Mandayam