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Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become essential for eliciting complex reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the substantial memory overhead of storing Key-Value (KV) caches during long-horizon rollouts acts as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Sijia Luo , Xiaokang Zhang , Yuxuan Hu , Bohan Zhang , Ke Wang , Jinbo Su , Mengshu Sun , Lei Liang , Jing Zhang

Semi-structured sparsity provides a practical path to accelerate large language models (LLMs) with native hardware support, but post-training semi-structured pruning often suffers from substantial quality degradation due to strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Liu Hanzuo , Chaofan Lin , Weixuan Sun , Yulong Wang , Key , Rayying , Mingyu Gao

We introduce TwIST, a distributed training framework for efficient large language model (LLM) sparsification. TwIST trains multiple subnetworks in parallel, periodically aggregates their parameters, and resamples new subnetworks during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Michael Menezes , Barbara Su , Xinze Feng , Yehya Farhat , Hamza Shili , Anastasios Kyrillidis

The quadratic complexity of attention imposes severe memory and computational bottlenecks on Large Language Model (LLM) inference. This challenge is particularly acute for emerging agentic applications that require processing multi-million…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ceyu Xu , Jiangnan Yu , Yongji Wu , Yuan Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) incur quadratic attention complexity with input length, creating a major time bottleneck in the prefilling stage. Existing acceleration methods largely exploit attention score sparsity by estimating blocks with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhiyuan He , Yike Zhang , Chengruidong Zhang , Huiqiang Jiang , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Token filtering has been proposed to enhance the utility of large language models (LLMs) by eliminating inconsequential tokens during training. While usingfewer tokens is expected to reduce computational workloads, existing methods have not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Di Chai , Pengbo Li , Feiyuan Zhang , Yilun Jin , Han Tian , Kaiqiang Xu , Binhang Yuan , Dian Shen , Junxue Zhang , Kai Chen

Large foundation language models have shown their versatility in being able to be adapted to perform a wide variety of downstream tasks, such as text generation, sentiment analysis, semantic search etc. However, training such large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Venkat Srinivasan , Darshan Gandhi , Urmish Thakker , Raghu Prabhakar

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) from scratch requires immense computational resources, making it prohibitively expensive. Model scaling-up offers a promising solution by leveraging the parameters of smaller models to create larger…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yifei Yang , Zouying Cao , Xinbei Ma , Yao Yao , Libo Qin , Zhi Chen , Hai Zhao

This paper introduces the Sparse Tsetlin Machine (STM), a novel Tsetlin Machine (TM) that processes sparse data efficiently. Traditionally, the TM does not consider data characteristics such as sparsity, commonly seen in NLP applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Sebastian Østby , Tobias M. Brambo , Sondre Glimsdal

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as OpenAI's o1-series have demonstrated compelling capabilities for complex reasoning tasks via the extended chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning mechanism. However, recent studies reveal substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Runjin Chen , Zhenyu Zhang , Junyuan Hong , Souvik Kundu , Zhangyang Wang

Our community has greatly improved the efficiency of deep learning applications, including by exploiting sparsity in inputs. Most of that work, though, is for inference, where weight sparsity is known statically, and/or for specialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Zhangxiaowen Gong , Houxiang Ji , Christopher Fletcher , Christopher Hughes , Josep Torrellas

Large Language Models (LLMs) have fundamentally altered how we approach scaling in machine learning. However, these models pose substantial computational and memory challenges, primarily due to the reliance on matrix multiplication (MatMul)…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various tasks but face deployment challenges due to their massive computational demands. While post-training pruning methods like SparseGPT and Wanda can effectively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qiao Xiao , Alan Ansell , Boqian Wu , Lu Yin , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Shiwei Liu , Decebal Constantin Mocanu

Structured sparsity enables deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained systems. Approaches like dense-to-sparse fine-tuning are particularly compelling, achieving remarkable structured sparsity by reducing the model size…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-14 João Paulo Cardoso de Lima , Marc Dietrich , Jeronimo Castrillon , Asif Ali Khan

Large language models sometimes assert falsehoods despite internally representing the correct answer, failures of honesty rather than accuracy, which undermines auditability and safety. Existing approaches largely optimize factual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Gracjan Góral , Marysia Winkels , Steven Basart

As the context window expands, self-attention increasingly dominates the transformer's inference time. Therefore, accelerating attention computation while minimizing performance degradation is essential for the efficient deployment of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Eli Sason , Darya Frolova , Boris Nazarov , Felix Goldberd

Task arithmetic has emerged as a promising approach for editing models by representing task-specific knowledge as composable task vectors. However, existing methods rely on network linearization to derive task vectors, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Leonardo Iurada , Marco Ciccone , Tatiana Tommasi

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale up, their performance on various downstream tasks has significantly improved. However, evaluating their capabilities has become increasingly expensive, as performing inference on a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Taolin Zhang , Hang Guo , Wang Lu , Tao Dai , Shu-Tao Xia , Jindong Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have driven significant advancements across diverse NLP tasks, with long-context models gaining prominence for handling extended inputs. However, the expanding key-value (KV) cache size required by Transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Lijie Yang , Zhihao Zhang , Zhuofu Chen , Zikun Li , Zhihao Jia

The efficient implementation of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for deployment on resource-constrained devices. Low-rank tensor compression techniques, such as tensor-train (TT) networks, have been widely studied for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ryan Solgi , Kai Zhen , Rupak Vignesh Swaminathan , Nathan Susanj , Athanasios Mouchtaris , Siegfried Kunzmann , Zheng Zhang
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