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Multi-Task Learning is a learning paradigm that uses correlated tasks to improve performance generalization. A common way to learn multiple tasks is through the hard parameter sharing approach, in which a single architecture is used to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Angelica Tiemi Mizuno Nakamura , Denis Fernando Wolf , Valdir Grassi

Multi-task learning (MTL) aims to improve generalization performance by learning multiple related tasks simultaneously. While sometimes the underlying task relationship structure is known, often the structure needs to be estimated from data…

Large language models (LLM) have recently shown the extraordinary ability to perform unseen tasks based on few-shot examples provided as text, also known as in-context learning (ICL). While recent works have attempted to understand the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Harmon Bhasin , Timothy Ossowski , Yiqiao Zhong , Junjie Hu

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) can enhance a classifier's generalization performance by learning multiple related tasks simultaneously. Conventional MTL works under the offline or batch setting, and suffers from expensive training cost and poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-28 Peng Yang , Peilin Zhao , Xin Gao

Transformer-based models excel in various tasks but their generalization capabilities, especially in arithmetic reasoning, remain incompletely understood. Arithmetic tasks provide a controlled framework to explore these capabilities, yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Xingcheng Xu , Zibo Zhao , Haipeng Zhang , Yanqing Yang

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) enables multiple tasks to be learned within a shared network, but differences in objectives across tasks can cause negative transfer, where the learning of one task degrades another task's performance. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Wooseong Jeong , Kuk-Jin Yoon

Efficiency in optimisation and search processes persists to be one of the challenges, which affects the performance and use of optimisation algorithms. Utilising a pool of operators instead of a single operator to handle move operations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Mehmet Emin Aydin

Multi-task learning (MTL) aims at solving multiple related tasks simultaneously and has experienced rapid growth in recent years. However, MTL models often suffer from performance degeneration with negative transfer due to learning several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Xin Dong , Ruize Wu , Chao Xiong , Hai Li , Lei Cheng , Yong He , Shiyou Qian , Jian Cao , Linjian Mo

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior multi-task capabilities, understanding the learning mechanisms behind this is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we attempt to understand such mechanisms from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yongqi Leng , Deyi Xiong

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) is a framework, where multiple related tasks are learned jointly and benefit from a shared representation space, or parameter transfer. To provide sufficient learning support, modern MTL uses annotated data with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Dimitrios Kollias , Viktoriia Sharmanska , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Multi-task learning (MTL) is an inductive transfer mechanism designed to leverage useful information from multiple tasks to improve generalization performance compared to single-task learning. It has been extensively explored in traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Varun Kumar , Somdatta Goswami , Katiana Kontolati , Michael D. Shields , George Em Karniadakis

Although multi-task learning (MTL) has been a preferred approach and successfully applied in many real-world scenarios, MTL models are not guaranteed to outperform single-task models on all tasks mainly due to the negative effects of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Shijie Zhu , Hui Zhao , Tianshu Wu , Pengjie Wang , Hongbo Deng , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

End-to-end speech-to-text translation typically suffers from the scarcity of paired speech-text data. One way to overcome this shortcoming is to utilize the bitext data from the Machine Translation (MT) task and perform Multi-Task Learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 JungHo Jung , Junhyun Lee

Multi-task learning (MTL) has led to successes in many applications of machine learning, from natural language processing and speech recognition to computer vision and drug discovery. This article aims to give a general overview of MTL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Sebastian Ruder

As an effective learning paradigm against insufficient training samples, Multi-Task Learning (MTL) encourages knowledge sharing across multiple related tasks so as to improve the overall performance. In MTL, a major challenge springs from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Zhiyong Yang , Qianqian Xu , Xiaochun Cao , Qingming Huang

Multi-task learning (MTL) in deep neural networks for NLP has recently received increasing interest due to some compelling benefits, including its potential to efficiently regularize models and to reduce the need for labeled data. While it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Joachim Bingel , Anders Søgaard

In recent years, multi-task learning has turned out to be of great success in various applications. Though single model training has promised great results throughout these years, it ignores valuable information that might help us estimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Yeshwant Singh , Anupam Biswas , Angshuman Bora , Debashish Malakar , Subham Chakraborty , Suman Bera

We investigate whether and where multi-task learning (MTL) can improve performance on NLP problems related to argumentation mining (AM), in particular argument component identification. Our results show that MTL performs particularly well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-07 Claudia Schulz , Steffen Eger , Johannes Daxenberger , Tobias Kahse , Iryna Gurevych

Multi-task learning is to improve the performance of the model by transferring and exploiting common knowledge among tasks. Existing MTL works mainly focus on the scenario where label sets among multiple tasks (MTs) are usually the same,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Quan Feng , Songcan Chen

Multi-task learning can leverage information learned by one task to benefit the training of other tasks. Despite this capacity, naively training all tasks together in one model often degrades performance, and exhaustively searching through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Christopher Fifty , Ehsan Amid , Zhe Zhao , Tianhe Yu , Rohan Anil , Chelsea Finn