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Recent efforts to scale Transformer models have demonstrated rapid progress across a wide range of tasks (Wei et al., 2022). However, fine-tuning these models for downstream tasks is expensive due to their large parameter counts.…

Parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) methods effectively adapt large language models (LLMs) to diverse downstream tasks, reducing storage and GPU memory demands. Despite these advantages, several applications pose new challenges to PEFT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Baohao Liao , Christof Monz

The emergence of large pre-trained networks has revolutionized the AI field, unlocking new possibilities and achieving unprecedented performance. However, these models inherit a fundamental limitation from traditional Machine Learning…

Multi-modal models excel in cross-modal tasks but are computationally expensive due to their billions of parameters. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) offers a solution by adding small trainable components while freezing pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Sashuai Zhou , Hai Huang , Yan Xia

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) often causes overfitting to specific prompt wording, where minor phrasing variations drastically reduce performance. To address this, we propose Prompt-Agnostic Fine-Tuning (PAFT), a method that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Chenxing Wei , Yao Shu , Mingwen Ou , Ying Tiffany He , Fei Richard Yu

In recent years, substantial research has integrated multimodal item metadata into recommender systems, often by using pre-trained multimodal foundation models to encode such data. Since these models are not originally trained for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Sunwoo Kim , Hyunjin Hwang , Kijung Shin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capability in different tasks and are bringing transformative changes to many domains. However, keeping the knowledge in LLMs up-to-date remains a challenge once pretraining is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Xiou Ge , Ali Mousavi , Edouard Grave , Armand Joulin , Kun Qian , Benjamin Han , Mostafa Arefiyan , Yunyao Li

Recent parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) techniques aim to improve over the considerable cost of fully finetuning large pretrained language models (PLM). As different PEFT techniques proliferate, it is becoming difficult to compare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Mohammed Sabry , Anya Belz

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have transformed the approach to fine-tuning large models for downstream tasks by enabling the adjustment of significantly fewer parameters than those in the original model matrices. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Alessio Quercia , Zhuo Cao , Arya Bangun , Richard D. Paul , Abigail Morrison , Ira Assent , Hanno Scharr

In the realm of Medical Visual Language Models (Med-VLMs), the quest for universal efficient fine-tuning mechanisms remains paramount, especially given researchers in interdisciplinary fields are often extremely short of training resources,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Jiawei Chen , Dingkang Yang , Yue Jiang , Mingcheng Li , Jinjie Wei , Xiaolu Hou , Lihua Zhang

With the advent of large pre-trained transformer models, fine-tuning these models for various downstream tasks is a critical problem. Paucity of training data, the existence of data silos, and stringent privacy constraints exacerbate this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Naif Alkhunaizi , Faris Almalik , Rouqaiah Al-Refai , Muzammal Naseer , Karthik Nandakumar

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have become crucial for rapidly adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. Prefix-Tuning, an early and effective PEFT technique, demonstrated the ability to achieve performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haonan Wang , Brian Chen , Siquan Li , Xinhe Liang , Hwee Kuan Lee , Kenji Kawaguchi , Tianyang Hu

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods achieve performance comparable to Full Fine-Tuning (FFT) while requiring significantly fewer computing resources, making it the go-to choice for researchers. We find that although PEFT can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yongkang Liu , Xingle Xu , Ercong Nie , Zijing Wang , Shi Feng , Daling Wang , Qian Li , Hinrich Schütze

Current Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods typically operate under an implicit assumption: Once a target module is selected, every token passing through it contributes equally to the downstream task and requires a parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Dabiao Ma , Ziming Dai , Zhimin Xin , Shu Wang , Jian Yang , Haojun Fei

Training large foundation models from scratch for domain-specific applications is almost impossible due to data limits and long-tailed distributions -- taking remote sensing (RS) as an example. Fine-tuning natural image pre-trained models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zichen Tian , Yaoyao Liu , Qianru Sun

Explorations in fine-tuning Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) from Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), have made impressive progress. However, most approaches rely on explicit weight updates, overlooking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mingyuan Zhang , Yue Bai , Yifan Wang , Yiyang Huang , Yun Fu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become indispensable in numerous real-world applications. However, fine-tuning these models at scale, especially in federated settings where data privacy and communication efficiency are critical, presents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yao Shu , Wenyang Hu , See-Kiong Ng , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Fei Richard Yu

Fine-tuning large language models for domain-specific tasks such as medical text summarization demands substantial computational resources. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods offer promising alternatives by updating only a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ulugbek Shernazarov , Rostislav Svitsov , Bin Shi

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) is crucial not only for unlocking their potential in specific tasks but also for ensuring that responses meet human expectations and adhere to safety and ethical principles. Current alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ruijun Chen , Jiehao Liang , Shiping Gao , Fanqi Wan , Xiaojun Quan

Representation Fine-tuning (ReFT), a recently proposed Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method, has attracted widespread attention for significantly improving parameter efficiency by editing representation space alone. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chenxi Huang , Shaotian Yan , Liang Xie , Binbin Lin , Sinan Fan , Yue Xin , Deng Cai , Chen Shen , Jieping Ye