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Quantum phase estimation requires simulating the evolution of the Hamiltonian, for which product formulas are attractive due to their smaller qubit cost and ease of implementation. However, the estimation of the error incurred by product…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-24 Kasra Hejazi , Jay Soni , Modjtaba Shokrian Zini , Juan Miguel Arrazola

Quantum computers can efficiently simulate the dynamics of quantum systems. In this paper, we study the cost of digitally simulating the dynamics of several physically relevant systems using the first-order product formula algorithm. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 Minh C. Tran , Su-Kuan Chu , Yuan Su , Andrew M. Childs , Alexey V. Gorshkov

In quantum computing, Trotter estimates are critical for enabling efficient simulation of quantum systems and quantum dynamics, help implement complex quantum algorithms, and provide a systematic way to control approximate errors. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Sarah Chehade , Andrea Delgado , Shuzhou Wang , Zhenhua Wang

Quantum computers can efficiently simulate many-body systems. As a widely used Hamiltonian simulation tool, the Trotter-Suzuki scheme splits the evolution into the number of Trotter steps $N$ and approximates the evolution of each step by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Suguru Endo , Qi Zhao , Ying Li , Simon Benjamin , Xiao Yuan

Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) is a widely used quantum error mitigation technique that artificially amplifies circuit noise and then extrapolates the results to the noise-free circuit. A common ZNE approach is Richardson extrapolation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Pegah Mohammadipour , Xiantao Li

Noise in quantum hardware remains the biggest roadblock for the implementation of quantum computers. To fight the noise in the practical application of near-term quantum computers, instead of relying on quantum error correction which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-14 Zhenyu Cai

We provide three improvements to the product formula implementation of the ground state energy estimation algorithm via Trotter-Suzuki decomposition. These consist of smaller circuit templates for each Hamiltonian term, parallelization of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Andre Kornell , Peter Selinger

Quantum computers can efficiently simulate Lindbladian dynamics, enabling powerful applications in open system simulation, thermal and ground-state preparation, autonomous quantum error correction, dissipative engineering, and more. Despite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Wenjun Yu , Xiaogang Li , Qi Zhao , Xiao Yuan

Richardson extrapolation is a classical technique from numerical analysis that can improve the approximation error of an estimation method by combining linearly several estimates obtained from different values of one of its hyperparameters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Francis Bach

We study numerical integration of smooth functions defined over the $s$-dimensional unit cube. A recent work by Dick et al. (2019) has introduced so-called extrapolated polynomial lattice rules, which achieve the almost optimal rate of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-07-15 Takashi Goda

Various Hamiltonian simulation algorithms have been proposed to efficiently study the dynamics of quantum systems on a quantum computer. The existing algorithms generally approximate the time evolution operators, which may need a deep…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 Zi-Jian Zhang , Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan , Man-Hong Yung

We introduce an algorithm to improve the error scaling of product formulas by randomly sampling the generator of their exact error unitary. Our approach takes an arbitrary product formula of time $t$, $S_k(t)$ with error $O(t^{k+1})$ and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Lana Mineh , Adrian Chapman , Raul A. Santos

Convergence of path integral simulations requires a substantial number of beads when quantum effects are significant. Traditional Trotter scaling approaches estimate the continuum limit through extrapolation, however they are restricted to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-05-28 Sabry G Moustafa

Efficient error estimates for the Trotter product formula are central in quantum computing, mathematical physics, and numerical simulations. However, the Trotter error's dependency on the input state and its application to unbounded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Daniel Burgarth , Paolo Facchi , Alexander Hahn , Mattias Johnsson , Kazuya Yuasa

This work provides a rigorous and self-contained introduction to numerical methods for Hamiltonian simulation in quantum computing, with a focus on high-order product formulas for efficiently approximating the time evolution of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Javier Lopez-Cerezo

Noise in existing quantum processors only enables an approximation to ideal quantum computation. However, these approximations can be vastly improved by error mitigation, for the computation of expectation values, as shown by small-scale…

Computing the ground-state properties of quantum many-body systems is a promising application of near-term quantum hardware with a potential impact in many fields. The conventional algorithm quantum phase estimation uses deep circuits and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Mingxia Huo , Ying Li

The effort to generate matrix exponentials and associated differentials, required to determine the time evolution of quantum systems, frequently constrains the evaluation of problems in quantum control theory, variational circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-14 Michael Schilling , Francesco Preti , Matthias M. Müller , Tommaso Calarco , Felix Motzoi

Hamiltonian simulation, i.e., simulating the real time evolution of a target quantum system, is a natural application of quantum computing. Trotter-Suzuki splitting methods can generate corresponding quantum circuits; however, a faithful…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Ayse Kotil , Rahul Banerjee , Qunsheng Huang , Christian B. Mendl

Quantum error mitigation is a key concept for the development of practical applications based on current noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. One of the most promising methods is Richardson extrapolation to the zero noise limit.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 Michael Krebsbach , Björn Trauzettel , Alessio Calzona