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Malicious software (malware) poses an increasing threat to the security of communication systems as the number of interconnected mobile devices increases exponentially. While some existing malware detection and classification approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Julian Busch , Anton Kocheturov , Volker Tresp , Thomas Seidl

Network traffic classification, a task to classify network traffic and identify its type, is the most fundamental step to improve network services and manage modern networks. Classical machine learning and deep learning method have…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Yao Peng , Meirong He , Yu Wang

Internet traffic classification has become more important with rapid growth of current Internet network and online applications. There have been numerous studies on this topic which have led to many different approaches. Most of these…

Scene Graph Generation (SGG) unifies object localization and visual relationship reasoning by predicting boxes and subject-predicate-object triples. Yet most pipelines treat SGG as a one-shot, deterministic classification problem rather…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xin Hu , Ke Qin , Wen Yin , Yuan-Fang Li , Ming Li , Tao He

The design of Graph Transformers (GTs) generally neglects considerations for fairness, resulting in biased outcomes against certain sensitive subgroups. Since GTs encode graph information without relying on message-passing mechanisms,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Renqiang Luo , Huafei Huang , Shuo Yu , Xiuzhen Zhang , Feng Xia

As modern networks grow increasingly complex--driven by diverse devices, encrypted protocols, and evolving threats--network traffic analysis has become critically important. Existing machine learning models often rely only on a single…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Binghui Wu , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Mohan Gurusamy

We propose a novel Graph Neural Network (GNN) model, named DeepStateGNN, for analyzing traffic data, demonstrating its efficacy in two critical tasks: forecasting and reconstruction. Unlike typical GNN methods that treat each traffic sensor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yannick Wölker , Arash Hajisafi , Cyrus Shahabi , Matthias Renz

Traffic forecasting is a significant part of intelligent transportation systems. One of the critical challenges of traffic forecasting is to find spatio-temporal correlations. In recent years, graph convolutional networks and graph…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tianchi Zhang

Recent advancements in large-scale pre-training have shown the potential to learn generalizable representations for downstream tasks. In the graph domain, however, capturing and transferring structural information across different graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jialin Chen , Haolan Zuo , Haoyu Peter Wang , Siqi Miao , Pan Li , Rex Ying

With more and more adoption of Deep Learning (DL) in the field of image processing, computer vision and NLP, researchers have begun to apply DL to tackle with encrypted traffic classification problems. Although these methods can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Pan Wang , Shuhang Li , Feng Ye , Zixuan Wang , Moxuan Zhang

As the size and source of network traffic increase, so does the challenge of monitoring and analysing network traffic. Therefore, sampling algorithms are often used to alleviate these scalability issues. However, the use of high entropy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Fran Casino , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo , Constantinos Patsakis

Real-time traffic flow prediction holds significant importance within the domain of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The task of achieving a balance between prediction precision and computational efficiency presents a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Muhammad Yaqub , Shahzad Ahmad , Malik Abdul Manan , Imran Shabir Chuhan

Monitoring network traffic to identify content, services, and applications is an active research topic in network traffic control systems. While modern firewalls provide the capability to decrypt packets, this is not appealing for privacy…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Niloofar Bayat , Weston Jackson , Derrick Liu

End-to-end object detectors offer a promising NMS-free paradigm for real-time applications, yet their high computational cost remains a significant barrier, particularly for complex scenarios like intersection traffic monitoring. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zixing Wang , Yuhang Zhao

In this paper, we propose a new regression-based algorithm to compute Graph Fourier Transform (GFT). Our algorithm allows different regularizations to be included when computing the GFT analysis components, so that the resulting components…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-22 Seyed Hamid Safavi , Manas Khatua , Ngai-Man Cheung , Farah Torkamani-Azar

Encrypted traffic classification is the task of identifying the application or service associated with encrypted network traffic. One effective approach for this task is to use deep learning methods to encode the raw traffic bytes directly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Wei Peng , Lei Cui , Wei Cai , Zhenquan Ding , Zhiyu Hao , Xiaochun Yun

Traffic classification, a technique for assigning network flows to predefined categories, has been widely deployed in enterprise and carrier networks. With the massive adoption of mobile devices, encryption is increasingly used in mobile…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Kun Qiu , Ying Wang , Baoqian Li , Wenjun Zhu

Graphs with complete node attributes have been widely explored recently. While in practice, there is a graph where attributes of only partial nodes could be available and those of the others might be entirely missing. This attribute-missing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Xu Chen , Siheng Chen , Jiangchao Yao , Huangjie Zheng , Ya Zhang , Ivor W Tsang

The escalating complexity of network threats and the inherent class imbalance in traffic data present formidable challenges for modern Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) excel in modeling topological…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Tianxiang Xu , Zhichao Wen , Xinyu Zhao , Qi Hu , Yan Li , Chang Liu

Accurate and timely traffic flow forecasting is crucial for intelligent transportation systems. This paper presents a novel deep learning model, the Spatial-Temporal Unified Graph Attention Network (STGAtt). By leveraging a unified graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zhuding Liang , Jianxun Cui , Qingshuang Zeng , Feng Liu , Nenad Filipovic , Tijana Geroski