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Low-altitude economy (LAE) is transforming low-altitude airspace into a new cyber-physical infrastructure. Although air-ground communications have been widely studied, LAE is fundamentally different in the sense that it is mission-centric…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yiqin Deng , Junhui Gao , Zihan Fang , Yanan Ma , Xianhao Chen , Yuguang Fang

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites play a crucial role in the development of 6G mobile networks and space-air-ground integrated systems. Recent advancements in space technology have empowered LEO satellites with the capability to run AI…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Minghao Yang , Jingjing Zhang , Shengyun Liu

The highly dynamic nature of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks introduces challenges that existing transport protocols fail to address, including non-congestive latency variation and loss, transient congestion hotspots, and frequent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Aiden Valentine , Ian Wakeman , George Parisis

Current maritime communications mainly rely on satellites having meager transmission resources, hence suffering from poorer performance than modern terrestrial wireless networks. With the growth of transcontinental air traffic, the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Dong Liu , Jiankang Zhang , Jingjing Cui , Soon-Xin Ng , Robert G. Maunder , Lajos Hanzo

Integrated space-air-ground networks promise to offer a valuable solution space for empowering the sixth generation of communication networks (6G), particularly in the context of connecting the unconnected and ultraconnecting the connected.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Hayssam Dahrouj , Shasha Liu , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks introduce unique congestion control (CC) challenges due to frequent handovers, rapidly changing round-trip times (RTTs), and non-congestive loss. This paper presents the first comprehensive,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Mihai Mazilu , Aiden Valentine , George Parisis

The integration of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations into 5G and Beyond is essential to achieve truly global connectivity. A distinctive characteristic of LEO mega constellations is that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Fabio Saggese , Lintao Li , Petar Popovski

Edge intelligence enables AI inference at the network edge, co-located with or near the radio access network, rather than in centralized clouds or on mobile devices. It targets low-latency, resource-constrained applications with large data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jaume Anguera Peris , Joakim Jaldén

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites play an essential role in intelligent Earth observation by leveraging artificial intelligence models. However, limited onboard memory and excessive inference delay prevent the practical deployment of large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Songge Zhang , Wen Wu , Liang Li , Ye Wang , Xuemin , Shen

The large population of wireless users is a key driver of data-crowdsourced Machine Learning (ML). However, data privacy remains a significant concern. Federated Learning (FL) encourages data sharing in ML without requiring data to leave…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Tinghao Zhang , Kwok-Yan Lam , Jun Zhao

Traditional federated learning (FL) frameworks rely heavily on terrestrial networks, where coverage limitations and increasing bandwidth congestion significantly hinder model convergence. Fortunately, the advancement of low-Earth orbit…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yuxin Zhang , Zheng Lin , Zhe Chen , Zihan Fang , Wenjun Zhu , Xianhao Chen , Jin Zhao , Yue Gao

Large low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks are being built to provide low-latency broadband Internet access to a global subscriber base. In addition to network transmissions, researchers have proposed embedding compute resources in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Tobias Pfandzelter , David Bermbach

The rapid growth of AI-enabled Internet of Vehicles (IoV) calls for efficient Machine Learning (ML) solutions that can handle high vehicular mobility and decentralized data. This has motivated the emergence of Hierarchical Federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xiaohong Yang , Minghui Liwang , Xianbin Wang , Zhipeng Cheng , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Huaiyu Dai , Zhenzhen Jiao

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites and satellite direct-to-device (D2D) technology are at the heart of the next-generation global connectivity which promises direct access to space-based broadband services for unmodified 3GPP-compliant…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Adnan Aijaz , Peizheng Li , Sajida Gufran

The continuous evolution of future mobile communication systems is heading towards the integration of communication and computing, with Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) emerging as a crucial means of implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Xinyang Du , Xuming Fang

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite plays an indispensable role in the earth network because of its low latency, large capacity, and seamless global coverage. For such an unprecedented extensive irregular system, stochastic geometry (SG) is a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Ruibo Wang , Mustafa A. Kishk , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

In-network computation represents a transformative approach to addressing the escalating demands of Artificial Intelligence (AI) workloads on network infrastructure. By leveraging the processing capabilities of network devices such as…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Aleksandr Algazinov , Joydeep Chandra , Matt Laing

Large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) networks enable intelligent services such as smart cities and autonomous driving, but often face resource constraints. Collecting heterogeneous sensory data, especially in small-scale datasets, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Haihui Xie , Wenkun Wen , Shuwu Chen , Zhaogang Shu , Minghua Xia

Internet of Intelligent Things (IoIT), an emerging field, combines the utility of Internet of Things (IoT) devices with the innovation of embedded AI algorithms. However, it does not come without challenges, and struggles regarding…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Vadim Allayev , Mahbubur Rahman

In the ambitious realm of space AI, the integration of federated learning (FL) with low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations holds immense promise. However, many challenges persist in terms of feasibility, learning efficiency, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Mohamed Elmahallawy , Tie Luo