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Scalar induced gravitational waves contribute to the cosmological gravitational wave background. They can be related to the primordial density power spectrum produced towards the end of inflation and therefore are a convenient new tool to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-10 Raphael Picard , Karim A. Malik

Compared to primordial perturbations on large scales, roughly larger than $1$ megaparsec, those on smaller scales are not severely constrained. We revisit the issue of probing small-scale primordial perturbations using gravitational waves…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-20 Keisuke Inomata , Tomohiro Nakama

Gravitational waves are inevitably produced by second order terms in cosmological perturbation theory. Most notably, the so-called induced gravitational waves are a window to the small scales part of the primordial spectrum of fluctuations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-22 Guillem Domènech

We derive the complete spectrum of gravitational waves induced by primordial scalar perturbations ranging over all observable wavelengths. This scalar-induced contribution can be computed directly from the observed scalar perturbations and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Daniel Baumann , Kiyotomo Ichiki , Paul J. Steinhardt , Keitaro Takahashi

We study the induced primordial gravitational waves (GW) coming from the effect of scalar perturbation on the tensor perturbation at the second order of cosmological perturbation theory. We use the evolution of the standard model degrees of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-02-19 Fazlollah Hajkarim , Jürgen Schaffner-Bielich

Since the gravitational waves were detected by LIGO and Virgo, it has been promising that lots of information about the primordial Universe could be learned by further observations on stochastic gravitational waves background. The studies…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-18 Jing-Zhi Zhou , Xukun Zhang , Qing-Hua Zhu , Zhe Chang

We provide a review on the state-of-the-art of gravitational waves induced by primordial fluctuations, so-called induced gravitational waves. We present the intuitive physics behind induced gravitational waves and we revisit and unify the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-08 Guillem Domènech

This thesis focuses on gravitational waves (GWs) that arise beyond linear order in cosmological perturbation theory. In recent years, scalar-induced GWs have attracted significant attention because they may serve as the observational…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-13 Raphael Picard

A tensor-type cosmological perturbation, defined as a transverse and traceless spatial fluctuation, is often interpreted as the gravitational waves. While decoupled from the scalar-type perturbations in linear order, the tensor…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-28 Jai-chan Hwang , Donghui Jeong , Hyerim Noh

In this work, we revisit and evaluate new source terms which contribute to the induced gravitational wave background. We study their respective contributions to the stochastic gravitational wave background by computing their spectral…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-10 Raphael Picard , Luis E. Padilla , Karim A. Malik , David J. Mulryne

Gravitational waves are propagating undulations in the spacetime fabric, which interact very weakly with their environment. In cosmology, gravitational-wave distortions are produced by most of the inflationary scenarios and their…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-30 Despoina Pazouli , Christos G. Tsagas

Gravitational waves induced by large primordial curvature fluctuations may result in a sizable stochastic gravitational wave background. Interestingly, curvature fluctuations are gradually generated by initial isocurvature fluctuations,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-06 Guillem Domènech

Large-scale primordial perturbations have been well constrained by current cosmological observations, but the properties of small-scale perturbations remain elusive. This study focuses on second-order induced gravitational waves generated…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-11 Di Wu , Zhi-Chao Li , Peng-Yu Wu , Fei-Yu Chen , Jing-Zhi Zhou

Primordial gravitational waves are a crucial prediction of inflation theory, and their detection through their imprints on the cosmic microwave background is actively being pursued. However, these attempts have not yet been successful. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-06 Yan-Heng Yu , Sai Wang

Primordial gravitational waves on small scales are not tightly constrained by current cosmological observations, which allows for the possibility of large amplitudes at small scales. We investigate second-order tensor induced gravitational…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-31 Fei-Yu Chen , Jing-Zhi Zhou , Di Wu , Zhi-Chao Li , Peng-Yu Wu

The scalar perturbation induced gravitational waves are a probe of the primordial density perturbation spectrum on small scales. In this paper, we show that they can also probe the thermal history of the universe. We assume the universe…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-08-12 Guillem Domènech , Shi Pi , Misao Sasaki

We discuss the potential cosmological role of gravitational wave astronomy as a probe of the very early universe. The next generation of detectors - now in production - may be able to observe a stochastic background of gravitational waves…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. A. Battye , E. P. S. Shellard

We investigate the influence of cosmic magnetic fields on gravitational wave perturbations, and find exact solutions on large scales. We show that a large-scale magnetic field can generate large-scale non-decaying gravitational waves. In…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Roy Maartens , Christos Tsagas , Carlo Ungarelli

We provide a pedagogical approach to gravitational waves in cosmology with focus on gravitational wave signals related to primordial black holes. These lectures notes contain more details than one is able to present in the two two-hour…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-17 Guillem Domènech

First-order primordial curvature perturbations are known to induce gravitational waves at the second-order, which can in turn probe the small-scale curvature perturbations near the end of the inflation. In this work, we extend the previous…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-21 Xiang-Xi Zeng , Rong-Gen Cai , Shao-Jiang Wang
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