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Recent advancements in legged robot perceptive locomotion have shown promising progress. However, terrain-aware humanoid locomotion remains largely constrained to two paradigms: depth image-based end-to-end learning and elevation map-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jingkai Sun , Gang Han , Pihai Sun , Wen Zhao , Jiahang Cao , Jiaxu Wang , Yijie Guo , Qiang Zhang

Hiking on complex trails demands balance, agility, and adaptive decision-making over unpredictable terrain. Current humanoid research remains fragmented and inadequate for hiking: locomotion focuses on motor skills without long-term goals…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Kwan-Yee Lin , Stella X. Yu

Multi-legged mobile robots possess high mobility performance in rough terrain environments, stemming from their high postural stability, joint flexibility, and the redundancy provided by multiple legs. In prior research on navigating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Yusuke Tsunoda , Seiya Yamamoto , Kazuki Ito , Runze Xiao , Keisuke Naniwa , Koichi Osuka

Developing agile behaviors for legged robots remains a challenging problem. While deep reinforcement learning is a promising approach, learning truly agile behaviors typically requires tedious reward shaping and careful curriculum design.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Atil Iscen , George Yu , Alejandro Escontrela , Deepali Jain , Jie Tan , Ken Caluwaerts

In vegetated environments, such as forests, exploratory robots play a vital role in navigating complex, cluttered environments where human access is limited and traditional equipment struggles. Visual occlusion from obstacles, such as…

Training perceptive humanoid locomotion policies that traverse complex terrains with natural gaits remains an open challenge, typically demanding multi-stage training pipelines, adversarial objectives, or extensive real-world calibration.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Chenxi Han , Shilu He , Yi Cheng , Linqi Ye , Houde Liu

Traversing narrow paths is challenging for humanoid robots due to the sparse and safety-critical footholds required. Purely template-based or end-to-end reinforcement learning-based methods suffer from such harsh terrains. This paper…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 TianChen Huang , Runchen Xu , Yu Wang , Wei Gao , Shiwu Zhang

Recently, reinforcement learning has become a promising and polular solution for robot legged locomotion. Compared to model-based control, reinforcement learning based controllers can achieve better robustness against uncertainties of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Yikai Wang , Zheyuan Jiang , Jianyu Chen

Quadruped robots have shown remarkable mobility on various terrains through reinforcement learning. Yet, in the presence of sparse footholds and risky terrains such as stepping stones and balance beams, which require precise foot placement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Chong Zhang , Nikita Rudin , David Hoeller , Marco Hutter

Quadrupedal robots resemble the physical ability of legged animals to walk through unstructured terrains. However, designing a controller for quadrupedal robots poses a significant challenge due to their functional complexity and requires…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-06 I Made Aswin Nahrendra , Byeongho Yu , Hyun Myung

Legged robots have the potential to traverse complex terrain and access confined spaces beyond the reach of traditional platforms thanks to their ability to carefully select footholds and flexibly adapt their body posture while walking.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Takahiro Miki , Joonho Lee , Lorenz Wellhausen , Marco Hutter

In contrast to quadruped robots that can navigate diverse terrains using a "blind" policy, humanoid robots require accurate perception for stable locomotion due to their high degrees of freedom and inherently unstable morphology. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Junfeng Long , Junli Ren , Moji Shi , Zirui Wang , Tao Huang , Ping Luo , Jiangmiao Pang

Legged robots must exhibit robust and agile locomotion across diverse, unstructured terrains, a challenge exacerbated under blind locomotion settings where terrain information is unavailable. This work introduces a hierarchical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Matheus P. Angarola , Francisco Affonso , Marcelo Becker

Legged robots that can operate autonomously in remote and hazardous environments will greatly increase opportunities for exploration into under-explored areas. Exteroceptive perception is crucial for fast and energy-efficient locomotion:…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Takahiro Miki , Joonho Lee , Jemin Hwangbo , Lorenz Wellhausen , Vladlen Koltun , Marco Hutter

In nature, animals with exceptional locomotion abilities, such as cougars, often possess asymmetric fore and hind legs. This observation inspired us: could optimizing the leg length of quadruped robots endow them with similar locomotive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Ci Chen , Jiyu Yu , Haojian Lu , Hongbo Gao , Rong Xiong , Yue Wang

Reliable and stable locomotion has been one of the most fundamental challenges for legged robots. Deep reinforcement learning (deep RL) has emerged as a promising method for developing such control policies autonomously. In this paper, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Sehoon Ha , Peng Xu , Zhenyu Tan , Sergey Levine , Jie Tan

Animals are capable of precise and agile locomotion using vision. Replicating this ability has been a long-standing goal in robotics. The traditional approach has been to decompose this problem into elevation mapping and foothold planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Ananye Agarwal , Ashish Kumar , Jitendra Malik , Deepak Pathak

Imitation learning is a popular approach for training visual navigation policies. However, collecting expert demonstrations for legged robots is challenging as these robots can be hard to control, move slowly, and cannot operate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Xinlei Pan , Tingnan Zhang , Brian Ichter , Aleksandra Faust , Jie Tan , Sehoon Ha

Traversing terrains with sparse footholds like legged animals presents a promising yet challenging task for quadruped robots, as it requires precise environmental perception and agile control to secure safe foot placement while maintaining…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Ruiqi Yu , Qianshi Wang , Hongyi Li , Zheng Jun , Zhicheng Wang , Jun Wu , Qiuguo Zhu

Humanoid robots hold great potential for diverse interactions and daily service tasks within human-centered environments, necessitating controllers that seamlessly integrate precise locomotion with dexterous manipulation. However, most…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xinru Cui , Linxi Feng , Yixuan Zhou , Haoqi Han , Zhe Liu , Hesheng Wang