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Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is becoming increasingly crucial for ensuring the reliability of microservice systems. However, performing RCA on modern microservice systems can be challenging due to their large scale, as they usually comprise…

Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is essential for pinpointing the root causes of failures in microservice systems. Traditional data-driven RCA methods are typically limited to offline applications due to high computational demands, and existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Lecheng Zheng , Zhengzhang Chen , Haifeng Chen

Recommender systems are important and powerful tools for various personalized services. Traditionally, these systems use data mining and machine learning techniques to make recommendations based on correlations found in the data. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Shuyuan Xu , Jianchao Ji , Yunqi Li , Yingqiang Ge , Juntao Tan , Yongfeng Zhang

Cloud applications are increasingly shifting from large monolithic services, to complex graphs of loosely-coupled microservices. Despite their advantages, microservices also introduce cascading QoS violations in cloud applications, which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Yu Gan , Mingyu Liang , Sundar Dev , David Lo , Christina Delimitrou

Causal inference is central to many areas of artificial intelligence, including complex reasoning, planning, knowledge-base construction, robotics, explanation, and fairness. An active community of researchers develops and enhances…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Amanda Gentzel , Dan Garant , David Jensen

Microservice applications are created as loosely coupled application components and they leverage cloud elasticity to reduce costs and increase development speed. However, microservice applications exhibit complex interactions among…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Minxian Xu , Junhan Liao , Linfeng Wen , Huaming Wu , Kejiang Ye , Rajkumar Buyya , Chengzhong Xu

AI-based monitoring has become crucial for cloud-based services due to its scale. A common approach to AI-based monitoring is to detect causal relationships among service components and build a causal graph. Availability of domain…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Sarthak Chakraborty , Shaddy Garg , Shubham Agarwal , Ayush Chauhan , Shiv Kumar Saini

This paper introduces a new structural causal model tailored for representing threshold-based IT systems and presents a new algorithm designed to rapidly detect root causes of anomalies in such systems. When root causes are not causally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Lei Zan , Charles K. Assaad , Emilie Devijver , Eric Gaussier , Ali Aït-Bachir

Causal inference is a study of causal relationships between events and the statistical study of inferring these relationships through interventions and other statistical techniques. Causal reasoning is any line of work toward determining…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Patrick Chadbourne , Nasir Eisty

Serverless becomes popular as a novel computing paradigms for cloud native services. However, the complexity and dynamic nature of serverless applications present significant challenges to ensure system availability and performance. There…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Jin Huang , Pengfei Chen , Guangba Yu , Yilun Wang , Haiyu Huang , Zilong He

The dynamics and complexity of cloud-native systems present significant challenges for Root Cause Analysis (RCA). While causality-based RCA methods have shown significant progress in recent years, their practical adoption is fundamentally…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shuai Liang , Pengfei Chen , Bozhe Tian , Gou Tan , Maohong Xu , Youjun Qu , Yahui Zhao , Yiduo Shang , Chongkang Tan

As modern microservice systems grow increasingly complex due to dynamic interactions and evolving runtime environments, they experience failures with rising frequency. Ensuring system reliability therefore critically depends on accurate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Lingzhe Zhang , Tong Jia , Kangjin Wang , Chiming Duan , Minghua He , Rongqian Wang , Xi Peng , Meiling Wang , Gong Zhang , Renhai Chen , Ying Li

Microservice systems have become the backbone of cloud-native enterprise applications due to their resource elasticity, loosely coupled architecture, and lightweight deployment. Yet, the intrinsic complexity and dynamic runtime interactions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Lingzhe Zhang , Tong Jia , Yunpeng Zhai , Leyi Pan , Chiming Duan , Minghua He , Pei Xiao , Ying Li

Causal inference has recently garnered significant interest among recommender system (RS) researchers due to its ability to dissect cause-and-effect relationships and its broad applicability across multiple fields. It offers a framework to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Huishi Luo , Fuzhen Zhuang , Ruobing Xie , Hengshu Zhu , Deqing Wang , Zhulin An , Yongjun Xu

As contemporary microservice systems become increasingly popular and complex-often comprising hundreds or even thousands of fine-grained, interdependent subsystems-they are facing more frequent failures. Ensuring system reliability thus…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Lingzhe Zhang , Tong Jia , Kangjin Wang , Weijie Hong , Chiming Duan , Minghua He , Ying Li

The study assesses the impact of cloud-based microservices architectures on application performance. Several aspects of performance evaluation are discussed, including response time, throughput, scalability, and reliability. This article…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Ganesh Chowdary Desina

The paper reviews methods that seek to draw causal inference from observational data and demonstrates how they can be applied to empirical problems in engineering research. It presents a framework for causal identification based on the…

Applications · Statistics 2022-11-28 Daniel J Graham

Causal discovery aims to learn causal relationships between variables from targeted data, making it a fundamental task in machine learning. However, causal discovery algorithms often rely on unverifiable causal assumptions, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Huiyang Yi , Yanyan He , Duxin Chen , Mingyu Kang , He Wang , Wenwu Yu

Microservices based architectures are based on a set of modular, independent and fault-tolerant services. In recent years, the software engineering community presented studies investigating potential, recurrent, effective architectural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Mohammad Imranur , Rahman , Sebastiano Panichella , Davide Taibi

Microservice based systems underpin modern distributed computing environments but remain vulnerable to partial failures, cascading timeouts, and inconsistent recovery behavior. Although numerous resilience and recovery patterns have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Muzeeb Mohammad