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Autonomous driving has attracted significant attention from both academia and industries, which is expected to offer a safer and more efficient driving system. However, current autonomous driving systems are mostly based on a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Senkang Hu , Zhengru Fang , Yiqin Deng , Xianhao Chen , Yuguang Fang

Urban transportation of next decade is expected to be disrupted by Autonomous Mobility on Demand (AMoD): AMoD providers will collect ride requests from users and will dispatch a fleet of autonomous vehicles to satisfy requests in the most…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Andrea Di Maria , Andrea Araldo , Giovanni Morana , Antonella Di Stefano

The public, regulators, and domain experts alike seek to understand the effect of deployed SAE level 4 automated driving system (ADS) technologies on safety. The recent expansion of ADS technology deployments is paving the way for early…

Simulators are widely used to test Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS), but their potential flakiness can lead to inconsistent test results. We investigate test flakiness in simulation-based testing of ADS by addressing two key questions: (1)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Mohammad Hossein Amini , Shervin Naseri , Shiva Nejati

Before introducing an Automated Driving System (ADS) on the road at scale, the manufacturer must conduct some sort of safety assurance. To structure and harmonize the safety assurance process, the UNECE WP.29 Working Party on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Olaf Op den Camp , Erwin de Gelder

Vehicles equipped with automated driving capabilities have shown potential to improve safety and operations. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and automated driving systems (ADS) have been widely developed to support vehicular…

Applications · Statistics 2024-10-15 Shengxuan Ding , Mohamed Abdel-Aty , Natalia Barbour , Dongdong Wang , Zijin Wang , Ou Zheng

The continual assurance of safety and performance of automated driving systems (ADSs) poses significant challenges. ADSs operate in complex, dynamic, open-world environments allowing a wide range of scenarios, including ones that are rare…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Bastian Lampe , Lutz Eckstein

Planning allows an agent to safely refine its actions before executing them in the real world. In autonomous driving, this is crucial to avoid collisions and navigate in complex, dense traffic scenarios. One way to plan is to search for the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Asen Nachkov , Jan-Nico Zaech , Danda Pani Paudel , Xi Wang , Luc Van Gool

Simulation-based testing of autonomous driving systems (ADS) must uncover realistic and diverse failures in dense, heterogeneous traffic. However, existing search-based seeding methods (e.g., genetic algorithms) struggle in high-dimensional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Linfeng Liang , Xiao Cheng , Tsong Yueh Chen , Xi Zheng

Safety is a critical concern in autonomous vehicle (AV) systems, especially when AI-based sensing and perception modules are involved. However, due to the black box nature of AI algorithms, it makes closed-loop analysis and synthesis…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Tao Yan , Zheyu Zhang , Jingjing Jiang , Wen-Hua Chen

Autonomous Driving System (ADS) testing plays a crucial role in their development, with the current focus primarily on functional and safety testing. However, evaluating the non-functional morality of ADSs, particularly their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Wenbing Tang , Mingfei Cheng , Yuan Zhou , Yang Liu

Vehicles with Automated Driving Systems (ADS) operate in a high-dimensional continuous system with multi-agent interactions. This continuous system features various types of traffic agents (non-homogeneous) governed by continuous-motion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Bowen Weng , Sughosh J. Rao , Eeshan Deosthale , Scott Schnelle , Frank Barickman

Understanding human driving behavior is crucial to develop autonomous vehicles' algorithms. However, most low level automation, such as the one in advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS), is based on objective safety measures, which are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Enrico Del Re , Cristina Olaverri-Monreal

Rigorously testing autonomy systems is essential for making safe self-driving vehicles (SDV) a reality. It requires one to generate safety critical scenarios beyond what can be collected safely in the world, as many scenarios happen rarely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Ze Yang , Yun Chen , Jingkang Wang , Sivabalan Manivasagam , Wei-Chiu Ma , Anqi Joyce Yang , Raquel Urtasun

A primary hurdle of autonomous driving in urban environments is understanding complex and long-tail scenarios, such as challenging road conditions and delicate human behaviors. We introduce DriveVLM, an autonomous driving system leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Xiaoyu Tian , Junru Gu , Bailin Li , Yicheng Liu , Yang Wang , Zhiyong Zhao , Kun Zhan , Peng Jia , Xianpeng Lang , Hang Zhao

Perception sensors, particularly camera and Lidar, are key elements of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) that enable them to comprehend their surroundings to informed driving and control decisions. Therefore, developing realistic simulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Hamed Haghighi , Xiaomeng Wang , Hao Jing , Mehrdad Dianati

The simulation-based testing of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) has gained significant attention. However, current approaches often fall short of accurately assessing ADSs for two reasons: over-reliance on expert knowledge and the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Ping Zhang , Lingfeng Ming , Tingyi Yuan , Cong Qiu , Yang Li , Xinhua Hui , Zhiquan Zhang , Chao Huang

Even as technology and performance gains are made in the sphere of automated driving, safety concerns remain. Vehicle simulation has long been seen as a tool to overcome the cost associated with a massive amount of on-road testing for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Joe Beck , Shean Huff , Subhadeep Chakraborty

There are many artificial intelligence algorithms for autonomous driving, but directly installing these algorithms on vehicles is unrealistic and expensive. At the same time, many of these algorithms need an environment to train and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Wei Cao , Liguo Zhou , Yuhong Huang , Alois Knoll

The recent surge in interest in autonomous driving stems from its rapidly developing capacity to enhance safety, efficiency, and convenience. A pivotal aspect of autonomous driving technology is its perceptual systems, where core algorithms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Qi Zhang , Siyuan Gou , Wenbin Li