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Current multilingual vision-language models either require a large number of additional parameters for each supported language, or suffer performance degradation as languages are added. In this paper, we propose a Scalable Multilingual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Andrea Burns , Donghyun Kim , Derry Wijaya , Kate Saenko , Bryan A. Plummer

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in Spoken Language Understanding (SLU), where effective multimodal learning depends on the alignment between audio and text. Despite various fusion methods, no standard metric exists to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Pooneh Mousavi , Yingzhi Wang , Mirco Ravanelli , Cem Subakan

Multilingual machine translation (MT) benchmarks play a central role in evaluating the capabilities of modern MT systems. Among them, the FLORES+ benchmark is widely used, offering English-to-many translation data for over 200 languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Chihiro Taguchi , Seng Mai , Keita Kurabe , Yusuke Sakai , Georgina Agyei , Soudabeh Eslami , David Chiang

Sign languages are natural, visual-gestural languages used by Deaf communities worldwide. Over 300 distinct sign languages remain severely low-resource due to limited documentation, sparse datasets, and insufficient computational tools.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Nigar Alishzade , Gulchin Abdullayeva

We outline a bidirectional translation system that converts sentences from American Sign Language (ASL) to English, and vice versa. To perform machine translation between ASL and English, we utilize a generative approach. Specifically, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-12 Hardie Cate , Zeshan Hussain

Sign language serves as the primary meaning of communication for the deaf-mute community. Different from spoken language, it commonly conveys information by the collaboration of manual features, i.e., hand gestures and body movements, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Wengang Zhou , Weichao Zhao , Hezhen Hu , Zecheng Li , Houqiang Li

Sign language recognition and translation first uses a recognition module to generate glosses from sign language videos and then employs a translation module to translate glosses into spoken sentences. Most existing works focus on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Yong Cao , Wei Li , Xianzhi Li , Min Chen , Guangyong Chen , Long Hu , Zhengdao Li , Hwang Kai

A primary challenge for the deaf and hearing-impaired community stems from the communication gap with the hearing society, which can greatly impact their daily lives and result in social exclusion. To foster inclusivity in society, our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Elisa Cabana

Like spoken languages, a single sign language expression could correspond to multiple valid textual interpretations. Hence, learning a rigid one-to-one mapping for sign language translation (SLT) models might be inadequate, particularly in…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Xin Shen , Lei Shen , Shaozu Yuan , Heming Du , Haiyang Sun , Xin Yu

Sign language is an essential resource enabling access to communication and proper socioemotional development for individuals suffering from disabling hearing loss. As this population is expected to reach 700 million by 2050, the importance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Cleison Correia de Amorim , Cleber Zanchettin

We introduce XTREME-S, a new benchmark to evaluate universal cross-lingual speech representations in many languages. XTREME-S covers four task families: speech recognition, classification, speech-to-text translation and retrieval. Covering…

This paper explores the application of T5 models for Saudi Sign Language (SSL) translation using a novel dataset. The SSL dataset includes three challenging testing protocols, enabling comprehensive evaluation across different scenarios.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ali Alhejab , Tomas Zelezny , Lamya Alkanhal , Ivan Gruber , Yazeed Alharbi , Jakub Straka , Vaclav Javorek , Marek Hruz , Badriah Alkalifah , Ahmed Ali

Our aim is to develop a unified model for sign language understanding, that performs sign language translation (SLT) and sign-subtitle alignment (SSA). Together, these two tasks enable the conversion of continuous signing videos into spoken…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Youngjoon Jang , Liliane Momeni , Zifan Jiang , Joon Son Chung , Gül Varol , Andrew Zisserman

The advances in automatic sign language translation (SLT) to spoken languages have been mostly benchmarked with datasets of limited size and restricted domains. Our work advances the state of the art by providing the first baseline results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Laia Tarrés , Gerard I. Gállego , Amanda Duarte , Jordi Torres , Xavier Giró-i-Nieto

Sign language translation as a kind of technology with profound social significance has attracted growing researchers' interest in recent years. However, the existing sign language translation methods need to read all the videos before…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Aoxiong Yin , Zhou Zhao , Jinglin Liu , Weike Jin , Meng Zhang , Xingshan Zeng , Xiaofei He

Progress in speech processing has been facilitated by shared datasets and benchmarks. Historically these have focused on automatic speech recognition (ASR), speaker identification, or other lower-level tasks. Interest has been growing in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Suwon Shon , Ankita Pasad , Felix Wu , Pablo Brusco , Yoav Artzi , Karen Livescu , Kyu J. Han

Both manual (relating to the use of hands) and non-manual markers (NMM), such as facial expressions or mouthing cues, are important for providing the complete meaning of phrases in American Sign Language (ASL). Efforts have been made in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Lipisha Chaudhary , Fei Xu , Ifeoma Nwogu

A machine can understand human activities, and the meaning of signs can help overcome the communication barriers between the inaudible and ordinary people. Sign Language Recognition (SLR) is a fascinating research area and a crucial task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 M. Madhiarasan , Partha Pratim Roy

As large language models (LLMs) are employed worldwide, existing evaluation paradigms for their multilingual capabilities primarily focus on factual task performance, neglecting the ability to judge content's deep-level values across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yukun Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Boyi Deng , Jialong Tang , Yu Wan , Fei Huang , Yuxi Zhou , Baosong Yang , Yiming Li

Most sign language translation (SLT) methods to date require the use of gloss annotations to provide additional supervision information, however, the acquisition of gloss is not easy. To solve this problem, we first perform an analysis of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Aoxiong Yin , Tianyun Zhong , Li Tang , Weike Jin , Tao Jin , Zhou Zhao