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Expressions for the BER of M-ary PPM & biphase DPSK modulations in the presence of noise are derived using analytical, statistical methods. The PPM expression is verified via Poisson statistics based simulation. BER expressions are then…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-14 Daniel Paulson

Digital camera pixels measure image intensities by converting incident light energy into an analog electrical current, and then digitizing it into a fixed-width binary representation. This direct measurement method, while conceptually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Atul Ingle , Trevor Seets , Mauro Buttafava , Shantanu Gupta , Alberto Tosi , Mohit Gupta , Andreas Velten

Single Photon Detectors (SPD) are fundamental to quantum optics and quantum information. Superconducting Nanowire SPDs (SNSPD) [1] provide high performance in terms of quantum efficiency (QE), dark count rate (DCR) and timing jitter [2],…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-02 Mohsen K. Akhlaghi , A. Hamed Majedi

Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) is a model of nonuniversal quantum computation that claims to demonstrate quantum supremacy with current technologies. This model entails sampling photocounting events from a multimode Gaussian state at the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 I. S. Yeremenko , M. A. Dmytruk , A. A. Semenov

We present a method to control the detection events in quantum key distribution systems that use gated single-photon detectors. We employ bright pulses as faked states, timed to arrive at the avalanche photodiodes outside the activation…

Achieving high quantum efficiency (QE) with low dark count is essential for highly sensitive photodetectors (PDs), including single photon avalanche detectors (SPADs). However, high QE requires a thicker absorber region, which leads to high…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-07-25 Sagar Chowdhury , Rituraj , Srini Krishnamurthy , Vidya Praveen Bhallamudi

Free space optical (FSO) communication has been receiving increasing attention in recent years with its ability to achieve ultra-high data rates over unlicensed optical spectrum. A major performance limiting factor in FSO systems is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-21 Mohammadreza Aminikashani , Mohsen Kavehrad

Photon counting (PhC) is an effective detection technology for underwater optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. The presence of signal-dependent Poisson shot noise and asynchronous multi-user interference (MUI) complicates the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-19 Fanghua Li , Xiaolin Zhou , Yongkang Chen , Wei Ni , Xin Wang , Dusit Niyato , Ekram Hossain

PIXELATED geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes(PPDs), often called silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are emerging as an excellent replacement for traditional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in a variety of detectors, especially those for subatomic…

In this paper, we present our approach to systematically measure numerous performance parameters of MCP-PMTs. The experimental setups, the analyses and selected results are discussed. Although the techniques used may be different in other…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-07-08 A. Lehmann , M. Böhm , M. Götz , K. Gumbert , S. Krauss , D. Miehling , M. Pfaffinger

Single photons are of paramount importance to future quantum technologies, including quantum communication and computation. Nonlinear photonic devices using parametric processes offer a straightforward route to generating photons, however…

The performance of equal gain combining reception at free-space optical communication systems is analytically studied and evaluated. We consider the case when the total received signal undergoes independent and not necessarily identically…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-15 Nikolaos I. Miridakis , Theodoros A. Tsiftsis

We propose an adaptive transmission technique for free space optical (FSO) systems, operating in atmospheric turbulence and employing subcarrier phase shift keying (S-PSK) intensity modulation. Exploiting the constant envelope…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Nestor D. Chatzidiamantis , Athanasios S. Lioumpas , George K. Karagiannidis , Shlomi Arnon

Free space optical communication has been applied in many scenarios because of its security, low cost and high rates. In such scenarios, a tracking system is necessary to ensure an acceptable signal power. Free space optical links were…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-27 Kehan Zhang , Bingcheng Zhu , Zaichen Zhang , Haibo Wang

A M-ary phase shift keying (PSK) quantum receiver consisting of displacement operations, photon counting, and electrical feed-back adaptive measurements is analyzed with a realistic model considering the effects of the sub-unity quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Ke Li , Yuan Zuo , Bing Zhu

In this paper, we present a new experimental apparatus for the measurement of the detection efficiency of free-space single-photon detectors based on the substitution method. For the first time, we extend the analysis to account for the…

Advanced quantum technologies rely on non-Gaussian states of light, essential for universal quantum computation, fault-tolerant error correction, and quantum sensing. Their practical realization, however, faces hurdles: simulating large…

Optical crosstalk seriously limits the photon-counting resolution of silicon photomultipliers. In this work, realistic analytical models to describe the crosstalk effects on the response of these photodetectors are presented and compared…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-12 L. Gallego , J. Rosado , F. Blanco , F. Arqueros

Asynchronous radio transceivers often lead to significant range and velocity ambiguity, posing challenges for precise positioning and velocity estimation in passive-sensing perceptive mobile networks (PMNs). To address this issue, carrier…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-24 Xiao-Yang Wang , Shaoshi Yang , Hou-Yu Zhai , Christos Masouros , J. Andrew Zhang

We present a novel closed-form lower bound on the Gaussian-input mutual information for noncoherent communication (i.e., in which neither transmitter nor receiver are cognizant of the fading state) over a frequency-flat fading channel with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Adriano Pastore