Related papers: Unifying design-based and model-based sampling the…

Many population genetic models have been developed for the purpose of inferring population size and growth rates from random samples of genetic data. We examine two popular approaches to this problem, the coalescent and the…

Distributionally balanced sampling designs are low-discrepancy probability designs obtained by minimizing the expected discrepancy between the auxiliary-variable distribution of a random sample and the target population distribution.…

Mendelian randomization is a powerful tool for causal inference in observational studies. The two-sample summary-data design, which estimates genetic associations with exposures and outcomes in separate cohorts, is the most widely used…

Bootstrap is a useful tool for making statistical inference, but it may provide erroneous results under complex survey sampling. Most studies about bootstrap-based inference are developed under simple random sampling and stratified random…

We study the problem of selecting limited features to observe such that models trained on them can perform well simultaneously across multiple subpopulations. This problem has applications in settings where collecting each feature is…

Many binary classification problems minimize misclassification above (or below) a threshold. We show that instances of ranking problems, accuracy at the top or hypothesis testing may be written in this form. We propose a general framework…

Two Bayesian models with different sampling densities are said to be marginally equivalent if the joint distribution of observables and the parameter of interest is the same for both models. We discuss marginal equivalence in the general…

This paper considers the two-dataset problem, where data are collected from two potentially different populations sharing common aspects. This problem arises when data are collected by two different types of researchers or from two…

A learned generative model often produces biased statistics relative to the underlying data distribution. A standard technique to correct this bias is importance sampling, where samples from the model are weighted by the likelihood ratio…

Divergence is not only an important mathematical concept in information theory, but also applied to machine learning problems such as low-dimensional embedding, manifold learning, clustering, classification, and anomaly detection. We…

Large-sample data became prevalent as data acquisition became cheaper and easier. While a large sample size has theoretical advantages for many statistical methods, it presents computational challenges. Sketching, or compression, is a…

Ensemble methods combine the predictions of multiple models to improve performance, but they require significantly higher computation costs at inference time. To avoid these costs, multiple neural networks can be combined into one by…

In this paper, a class of resampling techniques for finite populations under complex sampling design is introduced. The basic idea on which it rests is a two-step procedure consisting in : (i) constructing a pseudo-population on the basis…

When random effects are correlated with sample design variables, the usual approach of employing individual survey weights (constructed to be inversely proportional to the unit survey inclusion probabilities) to form a pseudo-likelihood no…

In this article, recent results about point processes are used in sampling theory. Precisely, we define and study a new class of sampling designs: determinantal sampling designs. The law of such designs is known, and there exists a simple…

If the prior probability distributions of all possible hypothetical true means and all possible observed means of a continuous variable are conditional on the universal set of all numbers (i.e., before the nature of a study is known and a…

Despite the remarkable advances in language modeling, current mainstream decoding methods still struggle to generate texts that align with human texts across different aspects. In particular, sampling-based methods produce less-repetitive…

An evolving problem in the field of spatial and ecological statistics is that of preferential sampling, where biases may be present due to a relationship between sample data locations and a response of interest. This field of research bears…

We provide a brief overview of both Bayes and classical model selection. We argue tentatively that model selection has at least two major goals, that of finding the correct model or predicting well, and that in general both these goals may…

Intuitively, sampling is likely to be more efficient for prevalence estimation, if the cases (or positives) have a relatively higher representation in the sample than in the population. In case the virus is transmitted via personal…