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Reliable evaluation is essential for developing and deploying large language models, yet in practice it often requires substantial manual effort: practitioners must identify appropriate benchmarks, reproduce heterogeneous evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Chengyu Shen , Yanheng Hou , Minghui Pan , Runming He , Zhen Hao Wong , Meiyi Qiang , Zhou Liu , Hao Liang , Peichao Lai , Zeang Sheng , Wentao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming scholarly tasks like search and summarization, but their reliability remains uncertain. Current evaluation metrics for testing LLM reliability are primarily automated approaches that prioritize…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anna Martin-Boyle , William Humphreys , Martha Brown , Cara Leckey , Harmanpreet Kaur

Large language models (LLMs) have a transformative impact on a variety of scientific tasks across disciplines including biology, chemistry, medicine, and physics. However, ensuring the safety alignment of these models in scientific research…

For Large Language Models (LLMs), a disconnect persists between benchmark performance and real-world utility. Current evaluation frameworks remain fragmented, prioritizing technical metrics while neglecting holistic assessment for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jun Wang , Ninglun Gu , Kailai Zhang , Zijiao Zhang , Yelun Bao , Jin Yang , Xu Yin , Liwei Liu , Yihuan Liu , Pengyong Li , Gary G. Yen , Junchi Yan

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has outpaced traditional evaluation methodologies. This progress presents novel challenges, such as measuring human-like psychological constructs, moving beyond static and task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Haoran Ye , Jing Jin , Yuhang Xie , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

As large language models (LLMs) continue to evolve, the need for robust and standardized evaluation benchmarks becomes paramount. Evaluating the performance of these models is a complex challenge that requires careful consideration of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Marco AF Pimentel , Clément Christophe , Tathagata Raha , Prateek Munjal , Praveen K Kanithi , Shadab Khan

We propose OutboundEval, a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in expert-level intelligent outbound calling scenarios. Unlike existing methods that suffer from three key limitations - insufficient dataset…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Pengyu Xu , Shijia Li , Ao Sun , Feng Zhang , Yahan Li , Bo Wu , Zhanyu Ma , Jiguo Li , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He , Rui Wang , Yang Liu , Xiaobo Hu , Fan Yang , Jia Zheng , Guanghua Yao

LLM-based automatic survey systems are transforming how users acquire information from the web by integrating retrieval, organization, and content synthesis into end-to-end generation pipelines. While recent works focus on developing new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Jiahao Zhao , Shuaixing Zhang , Nan Xu , Lei Wang

With the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their ubiquitous deployment in diverse domains, measuring language model behavior on realistic data is imperative. For example, a company deploying a client-facing chatbot must ensure that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Neel Jain , Khalid Saifullah , Yuxin Wen , John Kirchenbauer , Manli Shu , Aniruddha Saha , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein

Foundation models, such as large language models (LLMs), have the potential to streamline evaluation workflows and improve their performance. However, practical adoption faces challenges, such as customisability, accuracy, and scalability.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hao Zhang , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu

With the rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in industrial domains, offering new opportunities for Prognostics and Health Management (PHM). These models help address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Puyu Yang , Laifa Tao , Zijian Huang , Haifei Liu , Wenyan Cao , Hao Ji , Jianan Qiu , Qixuan Huang , Xuanyuan Su , Yuhang Xie , Jun Zhang , Shangyu Li , Chen Lu , Zhixuan Lian

Generative large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing with their transformative and emergent capabilities. However, recent evidence indicates that LLMs can produce harmful content that violates social…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Xiaohan Yuan , Jinfeng Li , Dongxia Wang , Yuefeng Chen , Xiaofeng Mao , Longtao Huang , Jialuo Chen , Hui Xue , Xiaoxia Liu , Wenhai Wang , Kui Ren , Jingyi Wang

As a prominent direction of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have garnered increased attention from both industry and academia. Building upon pre-trained LLMs, this family of models further…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Chaoyou Fu , Yi-Fan Zhang , Shukang Yin , Bo Li , Xinyu Fang , Sirui Zhao , Haodong Duan , Xing Sun , Ziwei Liu , Liang Wang , Caifeng Shan , Ran He

This paper introduces a multifaceted methodology for fine-tuning and evaluating large language models (LLMs) for specialized monetization tasks. The goal is to balance general language proficiency with domain-specific skills. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zheng Zhang , Chen Zheng , Da Tang , Ke Sun , Yukun Ma , Yingtong Bu , Xun Zhou , Liang Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) are gaining increasing interests to improve clinical efficiency for medical diagnosis, owing to their unprecedented performance in modelling natural language. Ensuring the safe and reliable clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Lei Liu , Xiaoyan Yang , Fangzhou Li , Chenfei Chi , Yue Shen , Shiwei Lyu Ming Zhang , Xiaowei Ma , Xiangguo Lyu , Liya Ma , Zhiqiang Zhang , Wei Xue , Yiran Huang , Jinjie Gu

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in legal applications, current evaluation benchmarks tend to focus mainly on factual accuracy while largely neglecting important linguistic quality aspects such as clarity, coherence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Li yunhan , Wu gengshen

Evaluating the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical yet challenging task, particularly when aiming to avoid subjective assessments. This paper proposes a framework for leveraging subjective metrics derived from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Haoze Du , Richard Li , Edward Gehringer

This paper presents AutoEval, a novel benchmark for scaling Large Language Model (LLM) assessment in formal tasks with clear notions of correctness, such as truth maintenance in translation and logical reasoning. AutoEval is the first…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Rushang Karia , Daniel Bramblett , Daksh Dobhal , Siddharth Srivastava

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in socially sensitive domains, yet their unpredictable behaviors, ranging from misaligned intent to inconsistent personality, pose significant risks. We introduce SteerEval, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ziwen Xu , Kewei Xu , Haoming Xu , Haiwen Hong , Longtao Huang , Hui Xue , Ningyu Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Guozhou Zheng , Huajun Chen , Shumin Deng

This study presents a framework for automated evaluation of dynamically evolving topic models using Large Language Models (LLMs). Topic modeling is essential for organizing and retrieving scholarly content in digital library systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Zhiyin Tan , Jennifer D'Souza