Related papers: Displacement Current in Classical and Quantum Syst…
Ferromagnetic matter finds its microscopic origin in the intrinsic electron spin, which is considered to be a purely quantum mechanical property of the electron. To incorporate the influence of the electron spin in the microscopic and…
Charges are everywhere because most atoms are charged. Chemical bonds are formed by electrons with their charge. Charges move and interact according to Maxwell's equations in space and in atoms where the equations of electrodynamics are…
The classical Maxwell-Dirac and Maxwell-Klein-Gordon theories admit solutions of the field equations where the corresponding electric current vanishes in the causal complement of some bounded region of Minkowski space. This poses the…
In quantum mechanics, the operator representing the displacement of a system in position or momentum is always accompanied by a path-dependent phase factor. In particular, two non-parallel displacements in phase space do not compose…
New Lagrangians, depending on the field strengths and the electric and magnetic sources are found, which lead to the Maxwell equations. One new feature is that the equations of motion are obtained by varying the Lagrangian with respect to…
Kirchhoff's current law is thought to describe the translational movement of charged particles through resistors. But Kirchhoff's law is widely used to describe movements of current through resistors in high speed devices. Current at high…
Expectation values of the electromagnetic field and the electric current are introduced at space-time resolution which belongs to the quantum domain. These allow us to approach some key features of classical electrodynamics from the…
A dielectric dilemma faces scientists because Maxwell's equations are poor approximations as usually written, with a single dielectric constant. Maxwell's equations are then not accurate enough to be useful in many applications involving…
Maxwell's equations describe the relation of charge and electric force almost perfectly even though electrons and permanent charge were not in his equations, as he wrote them. For Maxwell, all charge depended on electric field. Charge was…
The general theory for electric current multipoles appearing at the motion of magnetic dipoles and change in these values or orientation has been suggested. Static multipoles, including an anapole, have been studied in detail.
The classical theory of electrodynamics is built upon Maxwell's equations and the concepts of electromagnetic field, force, energy and momentum, which are intimately tied together by Poynting's theorem and the Lorentz force law. Whereas…
We will display the fundamental structure of classical electrodynamics. Starting from the axioms of (1) electric charge conservation, (2) the existence of a Lorentz force density, and (3) magnetic flux conservation, we will derive Maxwell's…
A consistent classical and quantum relativistic mechanics can be constructed if Einstein's covariant time is considered as a dynamical variable. The evolution of a system is then parametrized by a universal invariant identified with…
New results for attenuation and damping of electromagnetic fields in rigid conducting media are derived under the conjugate influence of inertia due to charge carriers and displacement current. Inertial effects are described by a relaxation…
All experimental evidence {indicates} that the vacuum is not void, but filled with something truly quantum. This is reflected by terms such as {zero-point} fluctuations, and Dirac's sea of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs, and last but…
Persistent currents and magnetization are considered for a two-dimensional electron (or gas of electrons) coupled to various magnetic fields. Thermodynamic formulae for the magnetization and the persistent current are established and the…
Although standard quantum mechanics has some non-local features, the probability current of the Schr\"odinger equation is locally conserved, and this allows minimal electromagnetic coupling. For some important extensions of the…
Our digital technology depends on mathematics to compute current flow and design its devices. Mathematics describes current flow by an idealization, Kirchhoff's current law. All the electrons that flow into a node flow out. This…
Historically Gordon decomposition of Dirac current played an important role in the interpretation of Dirac equation. We revisit it to understand the correspondence between Maxwell-Dirac and Maxwell-Lorentz theories. Arguments are presented…
I introduce the exact relation between the displacement current $\epsilon_0 \partial \v{E}/\partial t$ and the ordinary current $\v{J}$. I show that $\epsilon_0 \partial \v{E}/\partial t$ contains a local term determined by the present…