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Training a deep neural network with the outputs of selected layers satisfying linear constraints is required in many contemporary data-driven applications. While this can be achieved by incorporating projection layers into the neural…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Zonglin Yang , Zhexuan Gu , Yancheng Yuan

In recent years there has been a considerable amount of research on local post hoc explanations for neural networks. However, work on building interpretable neural architectures has been relatively sparse. In this paper, we present a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Isha Puri , Amit Dhurandhar , Tejaswini Pedapati , Kartikeyan Shanmugam , Dennis Wei , Kush R. Varshney

We define a neural network in infinite dimensional spaces for which we can show the universal approximation property. Indeed, we derive approximation results for continuous functions from a Fr\'echet space $\X$ into a Banach space $\Y$. The…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-18 Fred Espen Benth , Nils Detering , Luca Galimberti

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the problem of learning rich implicit models - those from which we can sample, but can not evaluate their density. These models apply some parametric function, such as a deep network, to a base…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-05 Josip Djolonga , Andreas Krause

Several recent works have shown separation results between deep neural networks, and hypothesis classes with inferior approximation capacity such as shallow networks or kernel classes. On the other hand, the fact that deep networks can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Eran Malach , Gilad Yehudai , Shai Shalev-Shwartz , Ohad Shamir

Recurrent neural networks are a powerful means to cope with time series. We show how autoregressive linear, i.e., linearly activated recurrent neural networks (LRNNs) can approximate any time-dependent function f(t). The approximation can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Frieder Stolzenburg , Sandra Litz , Olivia Michael , Oliver Obst

We show that standard ResNet architectures can be made invertible, allowing the same model to be used for classification, density estimation, and generation. Typically, enforcing invertibility requires partitioning dimensions or restricting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Jens Behrmann , Will Grathwohl , Ricky T. Q. Chen , David Duvenaud , Jörn-Henrik Jacobsen

At the heart of deep learning we aim to use neural networks as function approximators - training them to produce outputs from inputs in emulation of a ground truth function or data creation process. In many cases we only have access to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-27 Wojciech Marian Czarnecki , Simon Osindero , Max Jaderberg , Grzegorz Świrszcz , Razvan Pascanu

An important problem in machine learning is the ability to learn tasks in a sequential manner. If trained with standard first-order methods most models forget previously learned tasks when trained on a new task, which is often referred to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-10 Reinhard Heckel

Regularizing the gradient norm of the output of a neural network with respect to its inputs is a powerful technique, rediscovered several times. This paper presents evidence that gradient regularization can consistently improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Dániel Varga , Adrián Csiszárik , Zsolt Zombori

It is often useful to perform integration over learned functions represented by neural networks. However, this integration is usually performed numerically, as analytical integration over learned functions (especially neural networks) is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Ryan Kortvelesy

This article provides a comprehensive understanding of optimization in deep learning, with a primary focus on the challenges of gradient vanishing and gradient exploding, which normally lead to diminished model representational ability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Xianbiao Qi , Jianan Wang , Lei Zhang

Gradient descent during the learning process of a neural network can be subject to many instabilities. The spectral density of the Jacobian is a key component for analyzing stability. Following the works of Pennington et al., such Jacobians…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-26 Reda Chhaibi , Tariq Daouda , Ezechiel Kahn

This paper analyzes regularization terms proposed recently for improving the adversarial robustness of deep neural networks (DNNs), from a theoretical point of view. Specifically, we study possible connections between several effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Yiwen Guo , Long Chen , Yurong Chen , Changshui Zhang

Modern communication systems rely on accurate channel estimation to achieve efficient and reliable transmission of information. As the communication channel response is highly related to the user's location, one can use a neural network to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Baptiste Chatelier , Luc Le Magoarou , Vincent Corlay , Matthieu Crussière

Deep neural networks are notorious for defying theoretical treatment. However, when the number of parameters in each layer tends to infinity, the network function is a Gaussian process (GP) and quantitatively predictive description is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Darshil Doshi , Tianyu He , Andrey Gromov

We study the approximation of functions which are invariant with respect to certain permutations of the input indices using flow maps of dynamical systems. Such invariant functions includes the much studied translation-invariant ones…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Qianxiao Li , Ting Lin , Zuowei Shen

Based on the tree architecture, the objective of this paper is to design deep neural networks with two or more hidden layers (called deep nets) for realization of radial functions so as to enable rotational invariance for near-optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Charles K. Chui , Shao-Bo Lin , Ding-Xuan Zhou

We present a mathematical analysis of the effects of Hebbian learning in random recurrent neural networks, with a generic Hebbian learning rule including passive forgetting and different time scales for neuronal activity and learning…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2008-04-07 Benoit Siri , Hugues Berry , Bruno Cessac , Bruno Delord , Mathias Quoy

We consider structure discovery of undirected graphical models from observational data. Inferring likely structures from few examples is a complex task often requiring the formulation of priors and sophisticated inference procedures.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-04 Eugene Belilovsky , Kyle Kastner , Gaël Varoquaux , Matthew Blaschko