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Partial differential equations (PDEs) provide a mathematical foundation for simulating and understanding intricate behaviors in both physical sciences and engineering. With the growing capabilities of deep learning, data$-$driven approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Narayan S Iyer , Bivas Bhaumik , Ram S Iyer , Satyasaran Changdar

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) [4, 10] are an approach for solving boundary value problems based on differential equations (PDEs). The key idea of PINNs is to use a neural network to approximate the solution to the PDE and to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-23 Victorita Dolean , Alexander Heinlein , Siddhartha Mishra , Ben Moseley

Over the past few years, neural network methods have evolved in various directions for approximating partial differential equations (PDEs). A promising new development is the integration of neural networks with classical numerical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Georgios Grekas , Charalambos G. Makridakis , Tristan Pryer

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been proposed to learn the solution of partial differential equations (PDE). In PINNs, the residual form of the PDE of interest and its boundary conditions are lumped into a composite objective…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 Shamsulhaq Basir , Inanc Senocak

We propose a very general framework for deriving rigorous bounds on the approximation error for physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and operator learning architectures such as DeepONets and FNOs as well as for physics-informed operator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Tim De Ryck , Siddhartha Mishra

We investigate methods for learning partial differential equation (PDE) models from spatiotemporal data under biologically realistic levels and forms of noise. Recent progress in learning PDEs from data have used sparse regression to select…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-04-28 John Lagergren , John T. Nardini , G. Michael Lavigne , Erica M. Rutter , Kevin B. Flores

Deep learning-based numerical schemes such as Physically Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as an alternative to classical numerical schemes for solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). They are very appealing at…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-11 A. Beguinet , V. Ehrlacher , R. Flenghi , M. Fuente , O. Mula , A. Somacal

Numerical approximations of partial differential equations (PDEs) are routinely employed to formulate the solution of physics, engineering, and mathematical problems involving functions of several variables, such as the propagation of heat…

Physics informed neural network (PINN) based solution methods for differential equations have recently shown success in a variety of scientific computing applications. Several authors have reported difficulties, however, when using PINNs to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Arnav Gangal , Luis Kim , Sean P. Carney

Recent work in deep learning focuses on solving physical systems in the Ordinary Differential Equation or Partial Differential Equation. This current work proposed a variant of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) that can learn the hidden…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Mansura Habiba , Barak A. Pearlmutter

In various engineering and applied science applications, repetitive numerical simulations of partial differential equations (PDEs) for varying input parameters are often required (e.g., aircraft shape optimization over many design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Woojin Cho , Kookjin Lee , Donsub Rim , Noseong Park

This work considers stochastic Galerkin approximations of linear elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) with stochastic forcing terms and stochastic diffusion coefficients, that cannot be bounded uniformly away from zero and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Fabio Musco , Andrea Barth

Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have frequently been used for the numerical approximation of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The goal of this paper is to construct PINNs along with a computable upper bound of the error,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-19 Lewin Ernst , Karsten Urban

The physics informed neural network (PINN) is a promising method for solving time-evolution partial differential equations (PDEs). However, the standard PINN method may fail to solve the PDEs with strongly nonlinear characteristics or those…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-08 Jiawei Guo , Yanzhong Yao , Han Wang , Tongxiang Gu

AI for partial differential equations (PDEs) has garnered significant attention, particularly with the emergence of Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). The recent advent of Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) indicates that there is…

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are used to model a variety of dynamical systems in science and engineering. Recent advances in deep learning have enabled us to solve them in a higher dimension by addressing the curse of…

We present a method for learning dynamics of complex physical processes described by time-dependent nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Our particular interest lies in extrapolating solutions in time beyond the range of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Jungeun Kim , Kookjin Lee , Dongeun Lee , Sheo Yon Jin , Noseong Park

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have attracted significant attention for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in recent years because they alleviate the curse of dimensionality that appears in traditional methods. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yihang Gao , Ka Chun Cheung , Michael K. Ng

PDEs arise ubiquitously in science and engineering, where solutions depend on parameters (physical properties, boundary conditions, geometry). Traditional numerical methods require re-solving the PDE for each parameter, making parameter…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-02 Zhuo Zhang , Xiong Xiong , Sen Zhang , Yuan Zhao , Xi Yang

Solving analytically intractable partial differential equations (PDEs) that involve at least one variable defined on an unbounded domain arises in numerous physical applications. Accurately solving unbounded domain PDEs requires efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mingtao Xia , Lucas Böttcher , Tom Chou