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We introduce a restricted latent class exploratory model for longitudinal data with ordinal attributes and respondent-specific covariates. Responses follow a time inhomogeneous hidden Markov model where the probability of a respondent's…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-11 Eric Alan Wayman , Steven Andrew Culpepper , Jeff Douglas , Jesse Bowers

We propose a class of Item Response Theory models for items with ordinal polytomous responses, which extends an existing class of multidimensional models for dichotomously-scored items measuring more than one latent trait. In the proposed…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-01-24 Silvia Bacci , Francesco Bartolucci , Michela Gnaldi

Traditional categorical data, often collected in psychological tests and educational assessments, are typically single-layer and gathered only once.This paper considers a more general case, multi-layer categorical data with polytomous…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-13 Huan Qing

Joint models initially dedicated to a single longitudinal marker and a single time-to-event need to be extended to account for the rich longitudinal data of cohort studies. Multiple causes of clinical progression are indeed usually…

Applications · Statistics 2016-01-26 Cécile Proust-Lima , Jean-François Dartigues , Hélène Jacqmin-Gadda

A regression model is proposed for the analysis of an ordinal response variable depending on a set of multiple covariates containing ordinal and potentially other variables. The proportional odds model (McCullagh (1980)) is used for the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-25 Javier Espinosa , Christian Hennig

Latent class models with covariates are widely used for psychological, social, and educational research. Yet the fundamental identifiability issue of these models has not been fully addressed. Among the previous research on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-08 Jing Ouyang , Gongjun Xu

Surveys that rely on ordinal polychotomous (Likert-like) items are widely employed to capture individual preferences because they allow respondents to express both the direction and strength of their preferences. Latent factor models…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-28 Rayleigh Lei , Abel Rodriguez

High-dimensional multivariate longitudinal data, which arise when many outcome variables are measured repeatedly over time, are becoming increasingly common in social, behavioral and health sciences. We propose a latent variable model for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-09 Sze Ming Lee , Yunxiao Chen , Tony Sit

A general framework of latent trait item response models for continuous responses is given. In contrast to classical test theory models, which traditionally distinguish between true scores and error scores, the responses are clearly linked…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-11 Gerhard Tutz , Pascal Jordan

Within the educational context, a key goal is to assess students acquired skills and to cluster students according to their ability level. In this regard, a relevant element to be accounted for is the possible effect of the school students…

Applications · Statistics 2014-08-12 Michela Gnaldi , Silvia Bacci , Francesco Bartolucci

Educational assessments are valuable tools for measuring student knowledge and skills, but their validity can be compromised when test takers exhibit changes in response behavior due to factors such as time pressure. To address this issue,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-06 Gabriel Wallin , Yunxiao Chen , Yi-Hsuan Lee , Xiaoou Li

We analyze multivariate ordered discrete response models with a lattice structure, modeling decision makers who narrowly bracket choices across multiple dimensions. These models map latent continuous processes into discrete responses using…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-06 Tatiana Komarova , William Matcham

We propose a new method for multivariate response regression and covariance estimation when elements of the response vector are of mixed types, for example some continuous and some discrete. Our method is based on a model which assumes the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-04 Karl Oskar Ekvall , Aaron J. Molstad

We propose a structural equation model, which reduces to a multidimensional latent class item response theory model, for the analysis of binary item responses with non-ignorable missingness. The missingness mechanism is driven by two sets…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-10-21 Silvia Bacci , Francesco Bartolucci

Personality traits are latent variables, and as such, are impossible to measure without the use of an assessment. Responses on the assessments can be influenced by both transient (state-related) error and measurement error, obscuring the…

Applications · Statistics 2017-06-02 Amy E. Nussbaum , Cornelis J. Potgieter , Michael Chmielewski

Joint models are used in ageing studies to investigate the association between longitudinal markers and a time-to-event, and have been extended to multiple markers and/or competing risks. The competing risk of death must be considered in…

This paper develops a new method for identifying econometric models with partially latent covariates. Such data structures arise in industrial organization and labor economics settings where data are collected using an input-based sampling…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-06-29 Minji Bang , Wayne Yuan Gao , Andrew Postlewaite , Holger Sieg

Latent variable models are popularly used to measure latent factors (e.g., abilities and personalities) from large-scale assessment data. Beyond understanding these latent factors, the covariate effect on responses controlling for latent…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-12 Jing Ouyang , Chengyu Cui , Kean Ming Tan , Gongjun Xu

Item Response Theory (IRT) models have received growing interest in health science for analyzing latent constructs such as depression, anxiety, quality of life, or cognitive functioning from the information provided by each individual's…

The analysis of survey data is a frequently arising issue in clinical trials, particularly when capturing quantities which are difficult to measure. Typical examples are questionnaires about patient's well-being, pain, or consent to an…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-31 Johannes Wieditz , Clemens Miller , Jan Scholand , Marcus Nemeth
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