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Multimodal learning has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, particularly with the integration of attention-based models, leading to significant performance gains across a variety of tasks. Parallel to this progress, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Md Raisul Kibria , Sébastien Lafond , Janan Arslan

The rapid growth of research in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) follows on two substantial developments. First, the enormous application success of modern machine learning methods, especially deep and reinforcement learning, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-06 S. Atakishiyev , H. Babiker , N. Farruque , R. Goebel1 , M-Y. Kima , M. H. Motallebi , J. Rabelo , T. Syed , O. R. Zaïane

As cannabis use has increased in recent years, researchers have come to rely on sophisticated machine learning models to predict cannabis use behavior and its impact on health. However, many artificial intelligence (AI) models lack…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Tongze Zhang , Tammy Chung , Anind Dey , Sang Won Bae

Recent AI algorithms are black box models whose decisions are difficult to interpret. eXplainable AI (XAI) is a class of methods that seek to address lack of AI interpretability and trust by explaining to customers their AI decisions. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Behnam Mohammadi , Nikhil Malik , Tim Derdenger , Kannan Srinivasan

Explainable AI (XAI) methods focus on explaining what a neural network has learned - in other words, identifying the features that are the most influential to the prediction. In this paper, we call them "distinguishing features". However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Kaili Wang , Jose Oramas , Tinne Tuytelaars

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) rapidly accelerated its influence and is expected to promote the development of Earth system science (ESS) if properly harnessed. In application of AI to ESS, a significant hurdle lies in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Feini Huang , Shijie Jiang , Lu Li , Yongkun Zhang , Ye Zhang , Ruqing Zhang , Qingliang Li , Danxi Li , Wei Shangguan , Yongjiu Dai

XAI refers to the techniques and methods for building AI applications which assist end users to interpret output and predictions of AI models. Black box AI applications in high-stakes decision-making situations, such as medical domain have…

Previous research in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) suggests that a main aim of explainability approaches is to satisfy specific interests, goals, expectations, needs, and demands regarding artificial systems (we call these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Markus Langer , Daniel Oster , Timo Speith , Holger Hermanns , Lena Kästner , Eva Schmidt , Andreas Sesing , Kevin Baum

As machine learning systems increasingly inform critical decisions, the need for human-understandable explanations grows. Current evaluations of Explainable AI (XAI) often prioritize technical fidelity over cognitive accessibility which…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Tobias Labarta , Nhi Hoang , Katharina Weitz , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Leander Weber

The diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in organizations and society has fueled research on explaining AI decisions. The explainable AI (xAI) field is rapidly expanding with numerous ways of extracting information and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Julie Gerlings , Arisa Shollo , Ioanna Constantiou

With the increasing availability of structured and unstructured data and the swift progress of analytical techniques, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is bringing a revolution to the healthcare industry. With the increasingly indispensable role…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Devam Dave , Het Naik , Smiti Singhal , Pankesh Patel

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is transforming the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by enhancing the trust of end-users in machines. As the number of connected devices keeps on growing, the Internet of Things (IoT) market…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Senthil Kumar Jagatheesaperumal , Quoc-Viet Pham , Rukhsana Ruby , Zhaohui Yang , Chunmei Xu , Zhaoyang Zhang

Deploying AI systems in public institutions can have far-reaching consequences for many people, making it a matter of public interest. Providing opportunities for stakeholders to come together, understand these systems, and debate their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Timothée Schmude , Laura Koesten , Torsten Möller , Sebastian Tschiatschek

In the last years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has achieved a notable momentum that may deliver the best of expectations over many application sectors across the field. For this to occur, the entire community stands in front of the barrier…

A core assumption of explainable AI systems is that explanations change what users know, thereby enabling them to act within their complex socio-technical environments. Despite the centrality of action, explanations are often organized and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Gennie Mansi , Mark Riedl

The applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods especially machine learning techniques have increased in recent years. Classification algorithms have been successfully applied to different problems such as requirement…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Behnaz Jamasb , Reza Akbari , Seyed Raouf Khayami

This review paper provides an integrated perspective of Explainable Artificial Intelligence techniques applied to Brain-Computer Interfaces. BCIs use predictive models to interpret brain signals for various high-stake applications. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Param Rajpura , Hubert Cecotti , Yogesh Kumar Meena

We explore potential benefits of incorporating Rhetorical Design into the design of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) systems. While XAI is traditionally framed around explaining individual predictions or overall system behavior,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Houjiang Liu , Yiheng Su , Matthew Lease

Over the last few years there has been rapid research growth into eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and the closely aligned Interpretable Machine Learning (IML). Drivers for this growth include recent legislative changes and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Richard Dazeley , Peter Vamplew , Cameron Foale , Charlotte Young , Sunil Aryal , Francisco Cruz

In recent years, AI systems in the medical domain have advanced significantly. However, despite outperforming humans, they are rarely used in practice since it is often not clear how they make their decisions. Optimal explanation and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Julia Wagner , Tim Schlippe