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Gaze estimation methods learn eye gaze from facial features. However, among rich information in the facial image, real gaze-relevant features only correspond to subtle changes in eye region, while other gaze-irrelevant features like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Yihua Cheng , Yiwei Bao , Feng Lu

This paper proposes an approach to detect information relevance during decision-making from eye movements in order to enable user interface adaptation. This is a challenging task because gaze behavior varies greatly across individual users…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Anna Maria Feit , Lukas Vordemann , Seonwook Park , Caterina Bérubé , Otmar Hilliges

Humans perceive their visual environment by directing their eyes towards relevant objects. The deployment of visual attention depends substantially on the stimulus's properties, higher cognitive processes, and biases and constraints of the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-22 Thomas Fabian

To address this gap, we conduct a Virtual Reality experiment in which pedestrians interact with automated shuttles under varying approach angles (45{\deg}, 90{\deg}, 135{\deg}) and continuous-traffic conditions (single shuttle, two shuttles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Danya Li , Yan Feng , Rico Krueger

Human gaze offers rich supervisory signals for understanding visual attention in complex visual environments. In this paper, we propose Eyes on Target, a novel depth-aware and gaze-guided object detection framework designed for egocentric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Vishakha Lall , Yisi Liu

Enabling robots to understand human gaze target is a crucial step to allow capabilities in downstream tasks, for example, attention estimation and movement anticipation in real-world human-robot interactions. Prior works have addressed the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Zhuangzhuang Dai , Vincent Gbouna Zakka , Luis J. Manso , Chen Li

Preference learning methods, such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), rely on pairwise human judgments, yet little is known about the cognitive processes underlying these judgments.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Nikolas Papadopoulos , Shreenithi Navaneethan , Sheng Bai , Ankur Samanta , Paul Sajda

Predicting human gaze is important in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). However, to practically serve HCI applications, gaze prediction models must be scalable, fast, and accurate in their spatial and temporal gaze predictions. Recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Sounak Mondal , Zhibo Yang , Seoyoung Ahn , Dimitris Samaras , Gregory Zelinsky , Minh Hoai

Human gaze provides valuable information on human focus and intentions, making it a crucial area of research. Recently, deep learning has revolutionized appearance-based gaze estimation. However, due to the unique features of gaze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Yihua Cheng , Haofei Wang , Yiwei Bao , Feng Lu

The existing computational visual attention systems have focused on the objective to basically simulate and understand the concept of visual attention system in adults. Consequently, the impact of observer's age in scene viewing behavior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Onkar Krishna , Kiyoharu Aizawa , Go Irie

State-of-the-art appearance-based gaze estimation methods, usually based on deep learning techniques, mainly rely on static features. However, temporal trace of eye gaze contains useful information for estimating a given gaze point. For…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Cristina Palmero , Oleg V. Komogortsev , Sachin S. Talathi

It is well known that human gaze carries significant information about visual attention. However, there are three main difficulties in incorporating the gaze data in an attention mechanism of deep neural networks: 1) the gaze fixation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Kyle Min , Jason J. Corso

We aim to ask and answer an essential question "how quickly do we react after observing a displayed visual target?" To this end, we present psychophysical studies that characterize the remarkable disconnect between human saccadic behaviors…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Budmonde Duinkharjav , Praneeth Chakravarthula , Rachel Brown , Anjul Patney , Qi Sun

We study the problem of identifying individuals based on their characteristic gaze patterns during reading of arbitrary text. The motivation for this problem is an unobtrusive biometric setting in which a user is observed during access to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-20 Ahmed Abdelwahab , Reinhold Kliegl , Niels Landwehr

Appearance-based gaze estimation methods that only require an off-the-shelf camera have significantly improved but they are still not yet widely used in the human-computer interaction (HCI) community. This is partly because it remains…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Xucong Zhang , Yusuke Sugano , Andreas Bulling

Gaze and face tracking algorithms have traditionally battled a compromise between computational complexity and accuracy; the most accurate neural net algorithms cannot be implemented in real time, but less complex real-time algorithms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-21 George He , Sami Oueida , Tucker Ward

Eye movements play a vital role in perceiving the world. Eye gaze can give a direct indication of the users point of attention, which can be useful in improving human-computer interaction. Gaze estimation in a non-intrusive manner can make…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Anjith George

Eye movements can provide informative cues to understand human visual scan/search behavior and cognitive load during varying tasks. Visualizations of real-time gaze measures during tasks, provide an understanding of human behavior as the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Gavindya Jayawardena , Vikas Ashok , Sampath Jayarathna

The availability of extensive datasets containing gaze information for each subject has significantly enhanced gaze estimation accuracy. However, the discrepancy between domains severely affects a model's performance explicitly trained for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Younghan Kim , Kangryun Moon , Yongjun Park , Yonggyu Kim

Gaze following estimates gaze targets of in-scene person by understanding human behavior and scene information. Existing methods usually analyze scene images for gaze following. However, compared with visual images, audio also provides…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yuqi Hou , Zhongqun Zhang , Nora Horanyi , Jaewon Moon , Yihua Cheng , Hyung Jin Chang