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Software configurations play a crucial role in determining the behavior of software systems. In order to ensure safe and error-free operation, it is necessary to identify the correct configuration, along with their valid bounds and rules,…

Declarative specifications have a vital role to play in developing safe and dependable software systems. Writing specifications correctly, however, remains particularly challenging. This paper presents a controlled experiment on using large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yang Hong , Shan Jiang , Yulei Fu , Sarfraz Khurshid

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Natural Language Description (NLD) is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) task that requires models to generate structured and meaningful outputs from natural language inputs. In this work, we propose NLD-LLM, a systematic NLP framework to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Hamed Jelodar , Mohammad Meymani , Parisa Hamedi , Tochukwu Emmanuel Nwankwo , Samita Bai , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Ali A. Ghorbani

Automating string transformations has been one of the killer applications of program synthesis. Existing synthesizers that solve this problem produce programs in domain-specific languages (DSL) that are engineered to help the synthesizer,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Anvay Grover , Ruediger Ehlers , Loris D'Antoni

Current approaches to program synthesis with Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit a "near miss syndrome": they tend to generate programs that semantically resemble the correct answer (as measured by text similarity metrics or human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Vadim Liventsev , Anastasiia Grishina , Aki Härmä , Leon Moonen

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are beginning to dominate the discourse around automatic code generation with natural language specifications. In contrast, the best-performing synthesizers in the domain of formal synthesis with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yixuan Li , Julian Parsert , Elizabeth Polgreen

We identify a decidable synthesis problem for a class of programs of unbounded size with conditionals and iteration that work over infinite data domains. The programs in our class use uninterpreted functions and relations, and abide by a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Paul Krogmeier , Umang Mathur , Adithya Murali , P. Madhusudan , Mahesh Viswanathan

In this paper, we study the composition of services so as to obtain runs satisfying a task specification in Linear Temporal Logic on finite traces (LTLf). We study the problem in the case services are nondeterministic and the LTLf…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Giuseppe De Giacomo , Marco Favorito , Luciana Silo

In reactive synthesis, the goal is to automatically generate an implementation from a specification of the reactive and non-terminating input/output behaviours of a system. Specifications are usually modelled as logical formulae or automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Léo Exibard , Emmanuel Filiot , Pierre-Alain Reynier

Functional logic languages are a high-level approach to programming by combining the most important declarative features. They abstract from small-step operational details so that programmers can concentrate on the logical aspects of an…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Michael Hanus , Kai-Oliver Prott , Finn Teegen

Program verification and synthesis frameworks that allow one to customize the language in which one is interested typically require the user to provide a formally defined semantics for the language. Because writing a formal semantics can be…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Jiangyi Liu , Charlie Murphy , Anvay Grover , Keith J. C. Johnson , Thomas Reps , Loris D'Antoni

We present an approach to automatically synthesize synchronized models from lightweight formal specifications. Our approach takes as input a specification of a distributed system along with a global linear time constraint, which must be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Pablo F. Castro , Luciano Putruele , Renzo Degiovanni , Nazareno Aguirre

Standard Description Logics (DLs) can encode quantitative aspects of an application domain through either number restrictions, which constrain the number of individuals that are in a certain relationship with an individual, or concrete…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Franz Baader , Stefan Borgwardt , Filippo De Bortoli , Patrick Koopmann

Static benchmarks for harmful content detection face limitations in scalability and diversity, and may also be affected by contamination from web-scale pre-training corpora. To address these issues, we propose a framework for synthesizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Huije Lee , Jisu Shin , Hoyun Song , Changgeon Ko , Jong C. Park

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown great promise in translating natural language (NL) queries into visualizations, but their "black-box" nature often limits explainability and debuggability. In response, we present a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Subham Sah , Rishab Mitra , Arpit Narechania , Alex Endert , John Stasko , Wenwen Dou

Interacting with computers is a ubiquitous activity for millions of people. Repetitive or specialized tasks often require creation of small, often one-off, programs. End-users struggle with learning and using the myriad of domain-specific…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-09-02 Aditya Desai , Sumit Gulwani , Vineet Hingorani , Nidhi Jain , Amey Karkare , Mark Marron , Sailesh R , Subhajit Roy

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as dominant forces for textual style transfer. However, for arbitrary style transfer, LLMs face two key challenges: (1) considerable reliance on manually-constructed prompts and (2) rigid stylistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Han Sun , Zhen Sun , Zongmin Zhang , Linzhao Jia , Wei Shao , Min Zhang

In program synthesis, we transform a specification into a program that is guaranteed to satisfy the specification. In synthesis of reactive systems, the environment in which the program operates may behave nondeterministically, e.g., by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-07-25 Ron van der Meyden , Moshe Y. Vardi

Among the biggest challenges in property-based testing (PBT) is the constrained random generation problem: given a predicate on program values, randomly sample from the set of all values satisfying that predicate, and only those values.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Harrison Goldstein , Hila Peleg , Cassia Torczon , Daniel Sainati , Leonidas Lampropoulos , Benjamin C. Pierce