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Imminent impactors are natural bodies discovered in space before impacting the Earth. They provide a rare opportunity to characterize individual near-Earth objects (NEOs) in great detail as asteroids in space, meteors in Earth's atmosphere…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-09 Ian Chow , Mario Jurić , R. Lynne Jones , Kathleen Kiker , Joachim Moeyens , Peter G. Brown , Aren N. Heinze , Jacob A. Kurlander

This report describes the methodology and results of an assessment study of the performance of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) in its planned efforts to detect and catalog near-Earth objects (NEOs). The baseline LSST survey…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-18 Steven R. Chesley , Peter Veres

The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) at Vera C. Rubin Observatory is planned to begin in the Fall of 2025. The LSST survey cadence has been designed via a community-driven process regulated by the Survey Cadence Optimization Committee…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-08 Igor Andreoni , Raffaella Margutti , John Banovetz , Sarah Greenstreet , Claire-Alice Hebert , Tim Lister , Antonella Palmese , Silvia Piranomonte , S. J. Smartt , Graham P. Smith , Robert Stein , Tomas Ahumada , Shreya Anand , Katie Auchettl , Michele T. Bannister , Eric C. Bellm , Joshua S. Bloom , Bryce T. Bolin , Clecio R. Bom , Daniel Brethauer , Melissa J. Brucker , David A. H. Buckley , Poonam Chandra , Ryan Chornock , Eric Christensen , Jeff Cooke , Alessandra Corsi , Michael W. Coughlin , Bolivia Cuevas-Otahola , D'Ammando Filippo , Biwei Dai , S. Dhawan , Alexei V. Filippenko , Ryan J. Foley , Anna Franckowiak , Andreja Gomboc , Benjamin P. Gompertz , Leanne P. Guy , Nandini Hazra , Christopher Hernandez , Griffin Hosseinzadeh , Maryam Hussaini , Dina Ibrahimzade , Luca Izzo , R. Lynne Jones , Yijung Kang , Mansi M. Kasliwal , Matthew Knight , Keerthi Kunnumkai , Gavin P Lamb , Natalie LeBaron , Cassandra Lejoly , Andrew J. Levan , Sean MacBride , Franco Mallia , Alex I. Malz , Adam A. Miller , J. C. Mora , Gautham Narayan , Nayana A. J. , Matt Nicholl , Tiffany Nichols , S. R. Oates , Akshay Panayada , Fabio Ragosta , Tiago Ribeiro , Dan Ryczanowski , Nikhil Sarin , Megan E. Schwamb , Huei Sears , Darryl Z. Seligman , Ritwik Sharma , Manisha Shrestha , Simran , Michael C. Stroh , Giacomo Terreran , Aishwarya Linesh Thakur , Aum Trivedi , J. Anthony Tyson , Yousuke Utsumi , Aprajita Verma , V. Ashley Villar , Kathryn Volk , Meet J. Vyas , Amanda R. Wasserman , J. Craig Wheeler , Peter Yoachim , Angela Zegarelli , Federica Bianco

The NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory is a new 8m-class survey facility presently being commissioned in Chile, expected to begin the 10yr-long Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) by the end of 2025. Using the purpose-built Sorcha survey…

We present a comprehensive analysis of the digest2 parameters for candidates of the Near-Earth Object Confirmation Page (NEOCP) that were reported between 2019 and 2024. Our study proposes methods for significantly reducing the inclusion of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-20 Peter Vereš , Richard Cloete , Matthew J. Payne , Abraham Loeb

The observation of small bodies in the Space Environment is an ongoing important task in astronomy. While nowadays new objects are mostly detected in larger sky surveys, several follow-up observations are usually needed for each object to…

We have conducted a detailed simulation of LSST's ability to link near-Earth and main belt asteroid detections into orbits. The key elements of the study were a high-fidelity detection model and the presence of false detections in the form…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-30 Peter Vereš , Steven R. Chesley

We have performed a detailed survey simulation of the LSST performance with regards to near-Earth objects (NEOs) using the project's current baseline cadence. The survey shows that if the project is able to reliably generate linked sets of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-08 Tommy Grav , Amy Mainzer , Tim Spahr

We investigate a novel satellite avoidance strategy to mitigate the impact of large commercial satellite constellations in low-Earth orbit on the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). We simulate the orbits of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-30 Jinghan Alina Hu , Meredith L. Rawls , Peter Yoachim , Željko Ivezić

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory is due to commence the 10-year Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) at the end of 2025. To detect transient/variable sources and identify solar system objects (SSOs), the processing pipelines require…

The upcoming Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will discover tens of thousands of astrophysical transients per night, far outpacing available spectroscopic follow-up capabilities. Carefully prioritising candidates for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-14 Aidan Sedgewick , Christa Gall , Luca Izzo , Adriano Agnello , Charlotte R. Angus , Jens Hjorth , Arthur Kadela

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory is expected to start the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) in early to mid-2025. This multi-band wide-field synoptic survey will transform our view of the solar system, with the discovery and monitoring of…

As of mid-2026, 11 objects have been discovered prior to impacting the Earth, with warning times between 2 - 20 hours. Using real metre-sized Earth impactors from the last decade, we ask the question: ``If the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-20 Michael A. Frazer , Hadrien A. R. Devillepoix , Sophie E. Deam

Asteroid impactors larger than ~10 m, from Chelyabinsk-scale airburst and Tunguska-scale events to >300 m continental threats, remain the dominant planetary-defense risk. While the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-26 Qifeng Cheng , Daniel Scolnic , Jacob A. Kurlander , Ian Chow , Maryann Benny Fernandes

The discovery of two interstellar objects passing through the Solar System, 1I/`Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, implies that a galactic population exists with a spatial number density of order $\sim0.1$ au$^{-3}$. The forthcoming Rubin Observatory…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-27 Dušan Marčeta , Darryl Z. Seligman

Perhaps the most exciting promise of the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is its capability to discover phenomena never before seen or predicted from theory: true astrophysical novelties, but the ability of LSST to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Xiaolong Li , Fabio Ragosta , William I. Clarkson , Federica B. Bianco

A proposed Vera C. Rubin Observatory Deep Drilling micro-survey of the Kuiper Belt will investigate key properties of the distant solar system. Utilizing 30 hours of Rubin time across six 5-hour visits over one year starting in summer 2026,…

We perform high fidelity simulations of a wide-field telescopic survey searching for Near-Earth Objects (NEO) larger than 140\,m, focusing on the observational and detection model, detection efficiency and accuracy. As a test survey we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-30 Peter Vereš , Steven R. Chesley

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will begin the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) in 2024, spanning an area of 18,000 square degrees in six bands, with more than 800 observations of each field over ten years. The unprecedented data set…

We present the overall statistical results from the Robo-AO Kepler planetary candidate survey, comprising of 3857 high-angular resolution observations of planetary candidate systems with Robo-AO, an automated laser adaptive optics system.…

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