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Climate adaptation strategies are proposed in response to climate change. They are practised in agriculture to sustain food production. These strategies can be found in unstructured data (for example, scientific literature from the Elsevier…

Climate change demands effective legislative action to mitigate its impacts. This study explores the application of machine learning (ML) to understand the progression of climate policy from announcement to adoption, focusing on policies…

Research and innovation is important agenda for any company to remain competitive in the market. The relationship between innovation and revenue is a key metric for companies to decide on the amount to be invested for future research. Two…

The high-density, decentralized copyright conflicts triggered by generative AI training require more than ad hoc solutions; they demand structural governance tools. This article argues that representative litigation settlement agreements…

Given the fact that climate change has become one of the most pressing problems in many countries in recent years, specialized research on how to mitigate climate change has been adopted by many countries. Within this discussion, the…

Using lightning strikes as an example, two possible schemes are discussed for the attribution of changes in event frequency to climate change, and estimating the cost associated with them. The schemes determine the fraction of events that…

The performance of medical research can be viewed and evaluated not only from the perspective of publication output, but also from the perspective of economic exploitability. Patents can represent the exploitation of research results and…

Frequent occurrences of extreme weather events substantially impact the lives of the less privileged in our societies, particularly in agriculture-inclined economies. The unpredictability of extreme fires, floods, drought, cyclones, and…

Addressing the urgency of climate change necessitates a coordinated and inclusive effort from all relevant stakeholders. Critical to this effort is the modeling, analysis, control, and integration of technological innovations within the…

Machine learning (ML) models are valuable tools for analyzing the impact of technology using patent citation information. However, existing ML-based methods often struggle to account for the dynamic nature of the technology impact over time…

When decisions about developing standards are left to individual firms, there are many advantages including a flexible response to market evolution, accommodation to rapid technology change, and avoidance of costly coordination. However,…

Patents serve as valuable indicators of innovation and provide insights into the spaces of innovation and venture formation within geographic regions. In this study, we utilise patent data to examine the dynamics of innovation and venture…

The mitigation of climate change requires a fundamental transition of the energy system. Affordability, reliability and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions constitute central but often conflicting targets for this energy transition.…

Industrial operations have grown exponentially over the last century, driving advancements in energy utilization through vehicles and machinery.This growth has significant environmental implications, necessitating the use of sophisticated…

The web of relations linking technological innovation can be fairly described in terms of patent citations. The resulting patent citation network provides a picture of the large-scale organization of innovations and its time evolution. Here…

In the context of inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) with a single expert, adversarial inverse reinforcement learning (AIRL) serves as a foundational approach to providing comprehensive and transferable task descriptions. However, AIRL…

This study uses patent renewal information to estimate private value of patents by technology and ownership status. Patent value refers to the economic reward that the inventor extracts from the patent by making, using or selling an…

The digital era has raised many societal challenges, including ICT's rising energy consumption and protecting privacy of personal data processing. This paper considers both aspects in relation to machine learning accuracy in an…

We study whether specific combinations of technological advancements can signal the presence of local capabilities allowing for a given industrial production. To this end, we generate a multi-layer network using country-level patent and…

As the climate crisis deepens, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a contested force: some champion its potential to advance renewable energy, materials discovery, and large-scale emissions monitoring, while others underscore its…