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Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires systems to iteratively retrieve evidence and reason across multiple hops. While recent RAG and agentic methods report strong results, the underlying retrieval--reasoning \emph{process} is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yuelyu Ji , Zhuochun Li , Rui Meng , Daqing He

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a key paradigm for knowledge-intensive question answering. However, existing multi-hop RAG systems remain inefficient, as they alternate between retrieval and reasoning at each step, resulting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hao Yang , Zhiyu Yang , Xupeng Zhang , Wei Wei , Yunjie Zhang , Lin Yang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been used in question answering (QA) systems to improve performance when relevant information is in one (single-hop) or multiple (multi-hop) passages. However, many real life scenarios (e.g. dealing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Mykolas Sveistrys , Richard Kunert

We introduce StratRAG, an open-source retrieval evaluation dataset for benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems on multi-hop reasoning tasks under realistic, noisy document-pool conditions. Derived from HotpotQA (distractor…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Aryan Patodiya

Triple-based Iterative Retrieval-Augmented Generation (iRAG) mitigates document-level noise for multi-hop question answering. However, existing methods still face limitations: (i) greedy single-path expansion, which propagates early errors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zili Wei , Xiaocui Yang , Yilin Wang , Zihan Wang , Weidong Bao , Shi Feng , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang

We introduce a novel retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework tailored for multihop question answering. First, our system uses large language model (LLM) to decompose complex multihop questions into a sequence of single-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Seokgi Lee

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods encounter difficulties when addressing complex questions like multi-hop queries. While iterative retrieval methods improve performance by gathering additional information, current approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Ziyuan Zhuang , Zhiyang Zhang , Sitao Cheng , Fangkai Yang , Jia Liu , Shujian Huang , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Qi Zhang

With the rapid development of large-scale language models, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been widely adopted. However, existing RAG paradigms are inevitably influenced by erroneous retrieval information, thereby reducing the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Ridong Wu , Shuhong Chen , Xiangbiao Su , Yuankai Zhu , Yifei Liao , Jianming Wu

This paper presents a novel Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework tailored for complex question answering tasks, addressing challenges in multi-hop reasoning and contextual understanding across lengthy documents. Built upon LLaMA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Xinyue Huang , Ziqi Lin , Fang Sun , Wenchao Zhang , Kejian Tong , Yunbo Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in medical Question Answering (QA), yet they remain prone to hallucinations and ungrounded reasoning, limiting their reliability in high-stakes clinical scenarios. While…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Jessica Ryan , Alexander I. Gumilang , Robert Wiliam , Derwin Suhartono

Transformer-based models have advanced the field of question answering, but multi-hop reasoning, where answers require combining evidence across multiple passages, remains difficult. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zichen Zhang , Kunlong Zhang , Hongwei Ruan , Yiming Luo

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models with external knowledge, and tree-based RAG organizes documents into hierarchical indexes to support queries at multiple granularities. However, existing Tree-RAG methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Ziwen Zhao , Menglin Yang

Given a semi-structured knowledge base (SKB), where text documents are interconnected by relations, how can we effectively retrieve relevant information to answer user questions? Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) retrieves documents to…

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enriches large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge for long-context understanding and multi-hop reasoning, but existing methods face a granularity dilemma: fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yaxiong Wu , Jianyuan Bo , Yongyue Zhang , Sheng Liang , Yong Liu

Reinforcement learning has recently shown promise in improving retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Despite these advances, its effectiveness in multi-hop question answering (QA) remains limited by two fundamental limitations: (i) global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jinchang Luo , Mingquan Cheng , Fan Wan , Ni Li , Xiaoling Xia , Shuangshuang Tian , Tingcheng Bian , Haiwei Wang , Haohuan Fu , Yan Tao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) encounters efficiency challenges when scaling to massive knowledge bases while preserving contextual relevance. We propose Hash-RAG, a framework that integrates deep hashing techniques with systematic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jinyu Guo , Xunlei Chen , Qiyang Xia , Zhaokun Wang , Jie Ou , Libo Qin , Shunyu Yao , Wenhong Tian

Retrieval-augmented generation have become central in natural language processing due to their efficacy in generating factual content. While traditional methods employ single-time retrieval, more recent approaches have shifted towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yujia Zhou , Zheng Liu , Jiajie Jin , Jian-Yun Nie , Zhicheng Dou

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has rapidly advanced the language model field, particularly in question-answering (QA) systems. By integrating external documents during the response generation phase, RAG significantly enhances the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Xinyue Chen , Pengyu Gao , Jiangjiang Song , Xiaoyang Tan

Multi-hop question answering (QA) necessitates multi-step reasoning and retrieval across interconnected subjects, attributes, and relations. Existing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods struggle to capture these structural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jimeng Shi , Wei Hu , Runchu Tian , Bowen Jin , Wonbin Kweon , SeongKu Kang , Yunfan Kang , Dingqi Ye , Sizhe Zhou , Shaowen Wang , Jiawei Han

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a dominant paradigm for mitigating knowledge hallucination and staleness in large language models (LLMs) while preserving data security. By retrieving relevant evidence from private,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Guohang Yan , Yue Zhang , Pinlong Cai , Ding Wang , Song Mao , Hongwei Zhang , Yaoze Zhang , Hairong Zhang , Xinyu Cai , Botian Shi